Question

Cataracts Clinical Manifestation's Glaucoma Macular Degeneration Assessment Diagnostic Test Medical Management Pharmacologic Therapy Surgical Management Patient Family Teaching Nutritional Needs Risk for Complications

Answer 1

1. CATARACT:

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION---

• Clouded, blurred vision

• Increase difficulty with visions at night

• Sensitivity to light and glare

• Seeing "halos" around light

• Double vision in single eye

ASSESSMENT---

• Doctor will review medical history and symptoms

• Perform an eye examination.

• Doctor conduct several tests including visual acquity test .

• A visual acquity test uses an eye chart to measure how well you can read a series of letters.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION--

• Comprehensive eye examination test i.e. dilation, these means eye drops will widen your pupils.

• Slit lamp examination

• Rational examination

• Visual acquity test

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT---

Some approaches may be temporarily effective until cataract progression causes additional symptoms---

• Refraction

• Illumination

• Pupillary dilation

• Optical aids

PHARMACHOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT---

• Mydriatics

• Nonsteroidal- anti inflammatory ophthalmics

• Corticosteroids

• Antibiotics

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT---

• Phacoemulsification-- It is common procedure. Ophthalmologist makes a small opening in the eye reach the clouded lens.

• Extra capsular cataract surgery -- Larger opening in the eye. Instead of breaking up the lens and then removing it .

• Intraocular lens implantation.

PATIENT FAMILY TEACHING---

1. Do not drive for 2 days or as instructed to your eye care provider.

2. Do not drink alcohol for at least24 hrs.

3. Avoid bending waist to pick up objects .

4. Relax for the first 24 he's.

5. Do not rub or press eye.

6. If instructed wear a bandage over your eye .

7. If bleeding or discharge occur called doctor.

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS--

1.Colorful fruits

2.Vegetables

3.Whole grain

4. Antioxidant vitamin and phytochemicals found in fruit and vegetables.

COMPLICATIONS---

• Infection

• Retinal dittachment

• Swelling

• Glaucoma

• Diabetic retinopathy

2. GLAUCOMA:

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION---

• Seeing halos around light

• Vision loss

• Redness in eye

• Upset stomach or vomiting

• Eye pain

ASSESSMENT--

Doctor perform eye examination and take a family history about glaucoma.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION---

• Tonometry ,to check eye pressure.

• Visual field test ,see you have lost peripheral vision.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT--

• Corrective lenses

• Glasses

• Eye drops

• Oral medicine

PHARMACHOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT--

• Beta- blocker

• Carbonic anhydrase

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT---

LASER SURGERY--

• Trabeculoplasty- This opens drainage.

• Iridotomy- makes a tiny hole in iris.

• Cyclophotocoagulation- muddle layer of eye to lower fluid production.

PATIENT FAMILY TEACHING---

• Follow doctor instructions- if high pressure to treat give eye drop, prevent glaucoma.

• Exercise- walking or jogging decrease protect eye.

• Protective eye wear during playing .

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS---

• Take vitamin supplement

• Vegetables and fruits

• Drinking water

COMPLICATIONS--

• Severe pain

• Increased intraocular pressure

• Visual loss

• Retinal ditachmet

MACULAR DEGENERATION:

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION--

• Less clear vision

• Dark ,blurry area in the center of your vision

• Worse or different color vision

ASSESSMENT--

People with macular degeneration can check their own vision with a simple test called the amsler grid . The patient looks at a large dot in the middle of the gid and notices any areas where the lines look blurry.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION--

• Routine eye examination

• Fluorescing angiography

• Visual acquity test

PHARMACHOLOGICAL THERAPY--

• VEGFR inhibitor

• Vitamin supplement

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT--

• Corrective lenses

• Glasses

• Contact lenses

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT--

Laser surgery.

NUTRITION NEED--

Vitamin, mineral , fruits and vegetables.

PATIENT FAMILY TEACHING---

1. Protect eye from sunlight .

2. Wear glasses.

COMPLICATION--

1.Central scotoma

2.Metamorphopsia