Question

A question in the histology

Your answer 10 points Q1-C A female at reproductive age use oral contraceptive pills, the doctor prescribed (combined estogen-progesteron contraceptive pills) from your knowledge of menstrual cycle discuss the phases and why such pills are preferable. Your answer

Answer 1

Menstrual cycle - The series of events that occurs in the female body for the prepation of possible pregnancy in every 28-30 days from puberty till menopause is called menstual cycle

this is a cycle of 28-30 days on an average and consist of following phases or stages

i) menstrual phase

ii) follicular phase

iii) ovulation phase

iv) luteal phase

Menstrual phase - it is the 1st stage of menstrual cycle , this phase starts when an egg from the previous cycle isn’t fertilized. Because pregnancy hasn’t taken place, levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone drop as a result the prepared uterus for pregnancy sheds off through female reproductive tracts with blood , mucus , and tissue from uterus.

Follicular phase - it starts on the 1st day of period and ends when ovulate , It starts when the hypothalamus sends a signal to your pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which stiulates ovaries to produce mature follicle containing egg , this mature follicle produce estrogen which helps in thickening the uterus.

Ovulation phase - Rising estrogen levels during the follicular phase trigger your pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH). This is what starts the process of ovulation where ovary release the mature egg , this is the time where egg may get fertilised by sperm at fallopian tube.

Luteal phase - After the follicle releases its egg, it changes into the corpus luteum. This structure releases hormones, mainly progesterone and some estrogen. The rise in hormones keeps your uterine lining thick and ready for a fertilized egg to implant , if fertilisation does not occur then corpus luteum will shrink away and be resorbed. This leads to decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone, which causes the onset of your period. The uterine lining will shed during your period.

these are the phases of menstual cycle

Oral Contraceptive pills - These are the Drugs consist of hormone like estrogen and progesteron which helps in prevention of pregnancy by inhibing ovulation.

The hormones in the pill stop ovulation. No ovulation means there’s no egg formation for sperm to fertilize, so pregnancy can’t happen and it also thicken the mucus on the cervix. This thicker cervical mucus blocks sperm so it can’t swim to an egg.

This pill is preferable because

i) it does not interrupt sex

ii) it usually makes your bleeds regular, lighter and less painful

iii) it reduces your risk of cancer of the ovaries, womb and colon

iv) cost for the pill is affordable

v) effect of pill is reversible and can have pregnancy if pills taking was stopped.

Thank you