The change in energy for which of the following processes represents the second ionization energy of sodium?
A) Na+(g) –––> Na2+(g) + e–
B) Na(g) + e– ––––> Na–(g)
C) Na–(g) + e– –––> Na2–(g)
D) Na(g) –––––> Na+(g) + e–
E) Na–(g) ––––> Na+(g) + 2 e–
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