Question

Answer question 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5.

Please read the case study, Giving Birth to Someone Else's Children? A Case of Disputed Maternity, and then answer the following questions: From Part I, Karen needs a kidney transplant and her sons are being tested for possible donors. However, it seems that the blood test have indicated that neither of her sons are her children based on HLA matching 1. What is HLA? How is HLA determined and inherited? How is this used to match a donor and recipient for a tissue transplantation? 2. What are some possible explanations for Karen's situation? How would you test these hypotheses?

Answer 1

HLA or the human leukocytes antigen . They
are present on the surface of the cells and
are a group of proteins that are responsible
for the immune response. The human
leukocyte antigen are encoded by the major
histocompatibility complex or the MHC class
The human leukocyte antigen is Polymorphic
in nature that is they have multiple copy of the
allele . Human leukocyte antigen is present
on the 6th chromosomes. The important
function of the human leukocyte antigen is
the differentiation of the self and the non-self
proteins , in identification of foreign antigens
such as viruses and bacterial antigen. The
human leukocyte antigen is very important in
the graft rejection. It is tested through various
serological and the polymerase chain reaction
test. There are various challenges associated
with HLA such as HLA - B27 , HLA - B47 , HLA - DR2 , HLA-D3 , HLA- DR4 . Therefore, if the human leukocyte antigen of the the donor is not compatible with the the recipient then it results in the organ rejection by the immune system .

HLA or the human leukocytes antigen . They
are present on the surface of the cells and
are a group of proteins that are responsible
for the immune response. The human
leukocyte antigen are encoded by the major
histocompatibility complex or the MHC class
The human leukocyte antigen is Polymorphic
in nature that is they have multiple copy of the
allele . Human leukocyte antigen is present
on the 6th chromosomes. The important
function of the human leukocyte antigen is
the differentiation of the self and the non-self
proteins , in identification of foreign antigens
such as viruses and bacterial antigen. The
human leukocyte antigen is very important in
the graft rejection. It is tested through various
serological and the polymerase chain reaction
test. There are various challenges associated
with HLA such as HLA - B27 , HLA - B47 , HLA - DR2 , HLA-D3 , HLA- DR4 . Therefore, if the human leukocyte antigen of the the donor is not compatible with the the recipient then it results in the organ rejection by the immune system .

Thanking you

Have a beautiful day ?

Regards

Good luck ✨

Please Hit the thumbs up ??