Question

Which of the following is TRUE of incomplete penetrance?

Select one:

a. Epistatic interactions can result in incomplete penetrance in some cases.

b. Environmental factors do not influence penetrance.

c. Incomplete penetrance implies that some individuals will experience less severe forms of disease, such as cancer or Alzheimer's.

d. Incomplete penetrance is never observed with Huntington's disease

e. Incomplete penetrance refers to cases in which individuals developing a particular disease (e.g., cancer or Alzheimer's) lack the typical genotype for this disease.

Question 2

The A and B genes are linked and 10 map units apart. In the cross AB/ab x ab/ab what fraction of the progeny will be AB/ab?

Select one:

a. 45%

b. 90%

c. 10%

d. 20%

e. 5%

Question 3

Why can theoretical recombinant frequency never be greater than 50%?

Select one:

a. Since a recombination frequency of 50% indicates random assortment of genes

b. Since Chi-squared looks at the difference of actual to expected which cannot be more than double the expected value

c. Since chromosomes are never longer than 50 cM

d. Since 75% of DNA is lost during oogenesis as polar bodies

e. Since only one sister chromatid is involved in crossing over

Question 4

Which of the following could explain how some (although rare) people can have Down syndrome and have a normal chromosome number?

Select one:

a. An unusually large amount of recombination occurred between the maternal and paternal chromosomes 21 during meiosis.

b. One of the cells during development had trisomy 21 but then died.

c. A large enough fragment of chromosome number 21 underwent a duplication event.

d. A large enough fragment of chromosome number 21 underwent a deletion.

e. A significant number of genes in one chromosome number 21 are mutated and lost their function.

Question 5

What causes dsDNA to be much more stable than ssDNA? Select all that apply.

Select one or more:

a. Hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases

b. Base stacking due to double-stranded helical structure

c. Deoxy groups on 2’ OH

Question 6

Why is it important that Telomerase contains a Reverse Transcriptase?

Select one:

a. Because DNA Polymerase can only bind to double-stranded nucleic acids

b. Because the template to extend telomeres is composed of RNA nucleotides

c. Because telomere mRNA is produced only in certain tissues (such as gonads)

d. Because telomeres are RNA

Question 7

What components do all eukaryotic mRNAs contain?

Select one:

a. 5’ cap, coding region, 3’ polyA tail

b. 5’ cap, UTRs, coding region, 3’ polyA tail

c. 5’ cap, 3’ polyA tail, introns, UTRs, and coding region

d. UTRs, coding regions, and exons

Question 8

What post-translational event will NOT change the size of a protein?

Select one:

a. Folding

b. Ubiquitination

c. Phosphorylation

d. Localization to the ER

Question 9

What do HMT and DNMT have in common?

Select one:

a. They both influence gene expression long term (often for the rest of your life)

b. They both reduce local transcription

c. They both produce euchromatin

d. They both post-translationally modify histone proteins

Question 10

Why does grooming (licking) of newborn rats result in these rats being less stressed later in life?

Select one:

a. When groomed by their parents, rats receive cortisol from their parents, which remains in their system to reduce stress in the future

b. It allows an increase in the expression of glucocorticoid receptors, which bind and inactivate cortisol

c. It reduces the cortisol produced (a hormone that causes stress)

d. It increases methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene, to avoid responding to cortisol

Answer 1

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Felt great to answer. Good luck!