Question

Beginning by drawing boxes that represent the following tissues: brain, liver, adipose, heart, and skeletal muscle. With the paper in a landscape orientation, place the liver in the center, the brain the upper left, adipose upper right, skeletal muscle lower left, and heart lower right. You will need to use contrasting colors of ink for this assignment (black and red, black and blue, blue and red, or green and red are recommended). One color will represent fed state and the other will represent the fasting state. Indicate the fatty acid-related pathways (which may include carbohydrate metabolism) that are active in the fed state and fatty acid-related pathways that are active in the fasting state FOR EACH TISSUE. The terms below should be useful in thinking about how to integrate these general pathways in and between the tissues. TAG Synthesis Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) Malic Enzyme Fatty Acid Synthesis Fatty Acid Oxidation Ketogenesis Ketone Utilization

Answer 1

S.NO	Organs	Fed state	Fasting state
1	Brain	In well fed state glucose is the primitive source to the supply of energy to the brain, GLUT transporters are invovled in this intake, In fed state there is no intake of fatty acids because they bind to albumin in plasma, which doesnt allow to transverse through blood brain barrier	In starvation state, ketone bodies produced by the liver partially serves as fuel to the brain, instead of glucose(Ketone utilization partially)
2	Liver	Dietary fatty acids, are esterified and secreted as Very Low Density Lipoproteins into blood(Fatty acid synthesis,TAG synthesis,malic enzyme)	In fasting state, the reserved fuels are converted to ketone bodies , it depends on malonyl coA abundance in blood. (ketogenesis)
3	Adipose tissue	The synthesized Triacayl glycerides in liver are subjected to lipoprotein lipase and taken into it by VLDL. The adipoctes produces triacylglycrides with help of glucose.	In fasting state, the stored form of triacyloglycerides are converted into free fattyacids and glycerol by intracellular lipasesand exporeted to liver for catabolism(fatty acid oxidation)
4	Heart	It doesnt have any glycogen reserves, in aerobic conditions the either fatty acids, ketones or lactate acts as fuel, hence in well fed state the fattyacids or glucose will directly used up by the heart muscle	In fasting or starvation the formation of ketone bodies, lactate occurs which can also be utilised as fuel by the heart muscle
5	Skeletal muscle	In well fed state muscle used glucose as fuel derived from stored glycogen,	in fasting state the glycogen was converted into lactate/ketone bodies which can utilize by the muscles.