Question

What are the steps of Bandura’s social learning theory? How do these stages compare to what we learned about memory in Unit 2?

What was the Bobo doll study? What was the popular belief of the effect of watching violence PRIOR to Bandura’s work? How did this compare to what Bandura found?

How did Bandura apply his findings to create positive social change?

How do classical and operant conditioning impact social learning, according to Bandura’s theory?

What are the stages of learning in Piaget’s theory?

What is the method Clinique? Who popularized this reHow is Bruner’s theory applied in education?

search method?

Give an example of assimilation in Piaget’s theory. Give an example of accommodation.  

What is the relationship between assimilation, accommodation, and adaptation?

please answer every question its a request

Answer 1

What are the steps of Bandura’s social learning theory? How do these stages compare to what we learned about memory in Unit 2?

Bandura (1977) states: “Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do.

1. Attention

We cannot learn if we are not focused on the task. If we see something as being novel or different in some way, we are more likely to make it the focus of their attention. Social contexts help to reinforce these perceptions.

2. Retention

We learn by internalizing information in our memories. We recall that information later when we are required to respond to a situation that is similar to the situation within which we first learned the information.

3. Reproduction

We reproduce previously learned information (behavior, skills, knowledge) when required. However, practice through mental and physical rehearsal often improves our responses.

4. Motivation

We need to be motivated to do anything. Often that motivation originates from our observation of someone else being rewarded or punished for something they have done or said. This usually motivates us later to do, or avoid doing, the same thing.

What was the Bobo doll study? What was the popular belief of the effect of watching violence PRIOR to Bandura’s work? How did this compare to what Bandura found?

Bobo doll study is a groundbreaking study on aggression. The study reveals how children imitate TV violence and the behavior of others. The experiments revealed that children imitate the aggressive behavior of adults. The findings support Bandura’s social learning theory, which emphasizes the influence of observational learning on behavior. Bandura also conducted a number of follow-up studies during the 1960s which examined how witnessing a third party being rewarded or punished for behaving in a particular manner can influence a bystander’s own actions. He concluded that vicarious reinforcement, as well as direct rewards and punishments, can impact on an observer’s behavior.

Prior to Bandura’s experiments, conditioning dominated the behaviorist view of learning. During the 1890s, the influential Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov had found that dogs would learn new behavior through classical conditioning. When a single stimulus was repeatedly paired with a particular event, such as the ringing of a bell with feeding time, salivation would begin to occur in response to the sound. Behaviorist B. F. Skinner further developed Pavlov’s theory and proposed operant conditioning, whereby reinforcements lead to new forms of behavior being learned.

Bandura viewed such conditioning as being reductionist in its understanding of human learning as a simple process of acquiring new ‘responses’ to stimuli. Instead, he turned his attention to the imitative behavior of children who watch, and then attempt to copy, the behavior of others.

How did Bandura apply his findings to create positive social change?

1. People can learn through observation: The children in Bandura’s studies observed an adult acting violently toward a Bobo doll. When the children were later allowed to play in a room with the Bobo doll, they began to imitate the aggressive actions they had previously observed.

2. Mental States are important for learning: Just observing someone else's actions is not always enough to lead to learning. Your own mental state and motivation play an important role in determining whether a behavior is learned or not.

3. Learning does not necessarily lead to a change in behavior: Sometimes we are able to learn things even though that learning might not be immediately obvious. While behaviorists believed that learning led to a permanent change in behavior, observational learning demonstrates that people can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviors.

How does classical and operant conditioning impact social learning, according to Bandura’s theory?

Observational learning describes the process of learning through watching others, retaining the information, and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed.

There are a number of learning theories, such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning, that emphasize how direct experience, reinforcement, or punishment lead to learning. However, a great deal of learning happens indirectly.

Observational learning is sometimes also referred to as shaping, modeling, and vicarious reinforcement. While it can take place at any point in life, it tends to be the most common during childhood as children learn from the authority figures and peers in their lives.

It also plays an important role in the socialization process, as children learn how to behave and respond to others by observing how their parents and other caregivers interact with each other and with other people.