Question

A gene point mutation that converts the sequence of the codon and therefore converts the encoded amino acid to a stop codon:

		missense mutation
		frameshift mutation
		silent mutation
		nonsense mutation

A mouse gene was identified and determined to be required for formation of heart muscle. A gene with a similar sequence was identified in the human genome. What experiment could scientists do to determine if the mouse and human genes have similar functions?

		The scientist could place the mutant mouse gene into humans to see if humans develop without heart muscle.
		The scientist could search the human genome for genes that encode proteins that are identical to the protein encoded by the mouse gene.
		The scientist could place the normal human gene into mutant mice to see if heart muscle forms in the mouse.
		The scientist could place the normal human gene into normal mice and see if the resulting mice are viable.

Answer 1

1. Option E - Nonsense mutation

Nonsense mutation: changes an amino acid to a STOP codon, resulting in premature termination of translation.

2. Option D - The scientist could place the normal human gene into normal mice and see if the resulting mice are viable.

On average, the protein-coding regions of the mouse and human genomes are 85 percent identical; some genes are 99 percent identical while others are only 60 percent identical. These regions are evolutionarily conserved because they are required for function. ... Therefore the genomes of all mammals are comparably similar.

In this way if the normsl mouse cans succesfully survive with the gene of the human it means that the the mouse and human genes have similar functions.

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