Question

Mutations arc changes in the DNA sequence of organisms and are the primary source of variation in populations. Brainstorm with your group mates some known mutations in the human population (some examples are provided): Of the mutations listed above, which ones do you predict to affect the "fitness" (ability to reproduce) of the individual? How (is it beneficial or detrimental)? Of the mutations listed above, which ones do you predict to affect the "fitness" (ability to reproduce) of the population? How (is it beneficial or detrimental)? Below is a pictorial representation of the central dogma. Fill in the labels for A, B, C and D. Which of the following statements arc TRUE and which are FALSE? You can use the information in the figure above to help you answer these questions. T/F After a gene is transcribed, the DNA is degraded and must be replaced with new DNA. Each gene can be transcribed many limes. Each RNA transcript can be translated many times. Ml of the proteins produced from a given gene will be identical.

Answer 1

Lactose intolerance: It is a recessive genetic disorder, in which people with lactose intolerance unable to digest sugar lactose present in the milk, which leads to stomach pain, diarrhea, gas and bloating Sickle cell anemia: It is a single gene disorder. Substitution of valine for glutamic acid causes change in the structure of Red blood cells (RBC) to sickle cell shape, which reduces the oxygen carrying capacity Huntington's disease (HD): It is a fatal genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, which effects person physical and mental abilities and causes mental retardation. 2. If the mutation is confined to mutation it affects the fitness of an individual. The person with lactose intolerance is unable to digest lactose present in the milk, so it causes inadequate amount of carbohydrates to the body, which is the sole source of energy. The sickle cell gene is called autosomal recessive inheritance gene, which passes from one generation to another generation. For a child to be affected by sickle cell anemia, both the mother and the father must pass on the defective form of the gene. If one of the gene in a child is defective, then the child acts as a carrier. Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder cause's mental retardation. 3. If the mutation is confined to mutation it affects the fitness of a population. All the three Lactose intolerance, sickle cell anemia and Huntington's disease are genetic disorders, which are carried from one generation to another generation. So, all the individuals in population will be affected by these three genetic disorders.

5.

False: After the gene is transcribed, the DNA is degraded and must be replaced with new DNA After the gene is transcribed, it will be present intact at the same position on the chromosome and it was not degraded by the DNAases and these genes are camried to the further generations. True: Each gene can be transcribed many times. The genes present on the chromosomes transcribed many times, as to the requirement of the body for their metabolic activities. True: Each RNA transcript can be translated many times. When a mRNA transcript is synthesized by transcription, the mRNA transcript acts a template for the synthesis of the proteins for number of times, by the process of translation. True: All of the proteins produced from a given gene will be identical. All the proteins will be identical, when they are produced from a given gene, until the gene gets mutated.