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NaOH B. H2O CHÚNH + CO2 H₃C NH₂ Amides can be converted into primary amines with...
NaOH, Br CH,NH + CO2 H20 H₃C' `NH₂ Amides can be converted into primary amines with...
NaOH, Br CH,NH + CO2 H20 H₃C' `NH₂ Amides can be converted into primary amines with the loss of a single carbon atom by the Hofmann rearrangement base Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism Arrow.pushing Instructions Br H3C N Submit Answer Try Another Version 1 Hemattempt remaining
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with...
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with LiAlH4. Two additions of hydride are required. The carbonyl oxygen atom is lost in complex with the aluminum. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions no XT ... AH, NH2 H3C7NH, 30-AIHz H3C 7 H20+ Ho, H. NH, NH3 HAC NHA H3C OH Amides can be hydrolyzed to yield carboxylic acids. The conditions are...
1. NaOEt CO2Et 2. H30+ 3. heat Br. Br CORET + H3C V CO2H H₂C +...
1. NaOEt CO2Et 2. H30+ 3. heat Br. Br CORET + H3C V CO2H H₂C + CO2 + E H3C CO2Et The malonic ester synthesis is a carbonyl alkylation reaction. It is used to prepare carboxylic acids from primary alkyl halides, lengthening the carbon In progress by two atoms. Thus, the product can be visualized as being a "substituted acetic acid." The reaction consists of three steps: generation of the enolate anion followed by SN 2 reaction with a primary...
2 problems 1. Hg(OAC)2, H20 2. NaBHg CH3 H3C H₃C Acid-catalyzed addition of water to an...
2
problems
1. Hg(OAC)2, H20 2. NaBHg CH3 H3C H₃C Acid-catalyzed addition of water to an alkene yields an alcohol with Markovnikov regiochemistry. The electrophilic add carbon with the most hydrogens to yield the most stable carbocation intermediate, which then adds water to give the produc Because a carbocation intermediate is formed, rearrangements can occur prior to the addition of water. To avoid the possibility of rearrangement and still give a Markovnikov alcohol, alkenes can instead be treated with mercury...
The acetoacetic ester synthesis is a carbonyl alkylation reaction. It is used to prepare methyl ketones...
The acetoacetic ester synthesis is a carbonyl alkylation reaction. It is used to prepare methyl ketones from primary alkyl halides, lengthening the carbon chain by three atoms. Thus, the product can be visualized as being a "substituted acetone." The reaction consists of three steps: generation of the enolate anion followed by S2 reaction with a primary alkyl halide, ester hydrolysis under acid conditions, and decarboxylation. 1. NaOEt 2. H2O* 3. heat Br + - H₃C + CO2 + ETOH Hc...
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can...
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with Cl, Br, or 12, under acidic conditions. Using Br2 under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the a-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Not started curved arrows to show the movement...
OH H+ CH3 H3C OH Esters can be synthesized by an acid-catalyzed nucleophilic acyl substitution between...
OH H+ CH3 H3C OH Esters can be synthesized by an acid-catalyzed nucleophilic acyl substitution between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid; this process is called the Fischer esterification reaction. Because the alcohol oxygen is a poor nucleophile, the carbonyl carbon is made a better electrophile by protonation of the carbonyl oxygen. The steps of the synthesis are all reversible. The reaction is generally driven to completion by using an excess of the liquid alcohol as a solvent, or by...
(Review Topics 1. Hg(OAC)2, H20 2. NaBH, . H2O OH CHI CH3 H3C H3C Hoc Acid-catalyzed...
(Review Topics 1. Hg(OAC)2, H20 2. NaBH, . H2O OH CHI CH3 H3C H3C Hoc Acid-catalyzed addition of water to an alkene yields an alcohol with Markovnikov repiochemistry. The electrophilic adds to the sp? carbon with the most hydrogens to yield the most stable carbocation intermediate, which then adds water to give the product alcohol Because a carbocation intermediate is formed, rearrangements can occur prior to the addition of water To avoid the possibility of rearrangement and still give a...
2 problems REVIEW Topics [References) CH HC OCH Br2 CH3 B H3C CH,OH H₂C CH₂ Electrophilic...
2 problems
REVIEW Topics [References) CH HC OCH Br2 CH3 B H3C CH,OH H₂C CH₂ Electrophilic addition of hypohalous acids to alkenes yields a 1,2-haloalcohol called a halohydrin. Halohydrin formation, however, does not result from the addition of HOBr, for example. Instead the addition is done indirectly by reaction of the alkene with Br, in the presence of water. The reaction also works with Cl2 to give chlorohydrins instead of bromohydrins. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as...
CH3 CH3 1. Hg(OAC), H20 2. NaBH НО, І CH3 CH, Hoc H₃C/ Acid-catalyzed addition of...
CH3 CH3 1. Hg(OAC), H20 2. NaBH НО, І CH3 CH, Hoc H₃C/ Acid-catalyzed addition of water to an alkene yields an alcohol with Markovnikov regiochemistry. The electrophilic H adds to the sp carbon with the most hydrogens to yield the most stable carbocation intermediate, which then adds water to give the product alcohol. Because a carbocation intermediate is formed, rearrangements can occur prior to the addition of water. To avoid the possibility of rearrangement and still give a Markovnikov...
NaOH, Br CH,NH + CO2 H20 H₃C' `NH₂ Amides can be converted into primary amines with the loss of a single carbon atom by the Hofmann rearrangement base Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism Arrow.pushing Instructions Br H3C N Submit Answer Try Another Version 1 Hemattempt remaining
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with LiAlH4. Two additions of hydride are required. The carbonyl oxygen atom is lost in complex with the aluminum. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions no XT ... AH, NH2 H3C7NH, 30-AIHz H3C 7 H20+ Ho, H. NH, NH3 HAC NHA H3C OH Amides can be hydrolyzed to yield carboxylic acids. The conditions are...
1. NaOEt CO2Et 2. H30+ 3. heat Br. Br CORET + H3C V CO2H H₂C + CO2 + E H3C CO2Et The malonic ester synthesis is a carbonyl alkylation reaction. It is used to prepare carboxylic acids from primary alkyl halides, lengthening the carbon In progress by two atoms. Thus, the product can be visualized as being a "substituted acetic acid." The reaction consists of three steps: generation of the enolate anion followed by SN 2 reaction with a primary...
2
problems
1. Hg(OAC)2, H20 2. NaBHg CH3 H3C H₃C Acid-catalyzed addition of water to an alkene yields an alcohol with Markovnikov regiochemistry. The electrophilic add carbon with the most hydrogens to yield the most stable carbocation intermediate, which then adds water to give the produc Because a carbocation intermediate is formed, rearrangements can occur prior to the addition of water. To avoid the possibility of rearrangement and still give a Markovnikov alcohol, alkenes can instead be treated with mercury...
The acetoacetic ester synthesis is a carbonyl alkylation reaction. It is used to prepare methyl ketones from primary alkyl halides, lengthening the carbon chain by three atoms. Thus, the product can be visualized as being a "substituted acetone." The reaction consists of three steps: generation of the enolate anion followed by S2 reaction with a primary alkyl halide, ester hydrolysis under acid conditions, and decarboxylation. 1. NaOEt 2. H2O* 3. heat Br + - H₃C + CO2 + ETOH Hc...
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with Cl, Br, or 12, under acidic conditions. Using Br2 under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the a-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Not started curved arrows to show the movement...
OH H+ CH3 H3C OH Esters can be synthesized by an acid-catalyzed nucleophilic acyl substitution between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid; this process is called the Fischer esterification reaction. Because the alcohol oxygen is a poor nucleophile, the carbonyl carbon is made a better electrophile by protonation of the carbonyl oxygen. The steps of the synthesis are all reversible. The reaction is generally driven to completion by using an excess of the liquid alcohol as a solvent, or by...
(Review Topics 1. Hg(OAC)2, H20 2. NaBH, . H2O OH CHI CH3 H3C H3C Hoc Acid-catalyzed addition of water to an alkene yields an alcohol with Markovnikov repiochemistry. The electrophilic adds to the sp? carbon with the most hydrogens to yield the most stable carbocation intermediate, which then adds water to give the product alcohol Because a carbocation intermediate is formed, rearrangements can occur prior to the addition of water To avoid the possibility of rearrangement and still give a...
2 problems
REVIEW Topics [References) CH HC OCH Br2 CH3 B H3C CH,OH H₂C CH₂ Electrophilic addition of hypohalous acids to alkenes yields a 1,2-haloalcohol called a halohydrin. Halohydrin formation, however, does not result from the addition of HOBr, for example. Instead the addition is done indirectly by reaction of the alkene with Br, in the presence of water. The reaction also works with Cl2 to give chlorohydrins instead of bromohydrins. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as...
CH3 CH3 1. Hg(OAC), H20 2. NaBH НО, І CH3 CH, Hoc H₃C/ Acid-catalyzed addition of water to an alkene yields an alcohol with Markovnikov regiochemistry. The electrophilic H adds to the sp carbon with the most hydrogens to yield the most stable carbocation intermediate, which then adds water to give the product alcohol. Because a carbocation intermediate is formed, rearrangements can occur prior to the addition of water. To avoid the possibility of rearrangement and still give a Markovnikov...
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