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OH H+ CH3 H3C OH Esters can be synthesized by an acid-catalyzed nucleophilic acyl substitution between...
Ph3P CH3 Ph H3C H3C Eto2C The Fischer esterification reaction synthesizes an ester via a nucleophilic...
Ph3P CH3 Ph H3C H3C Eto2C The Fischer esterification reaction synthesizes an ester via a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction The stereochemistry the alcohol oxygen that makes the nucleophilic attack. The Mitsunobu reaction, on the other hand, allows the synthesis of an ester in which the stereochemistry of the alcohol is inverted. The reaction involves a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, as well as triphenylphosphine and an azo compound termed diethyl azodicarboxylate DEAD). As with the Fischer esterification, H20 is formally...
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with...
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with LiAlH4. Two additions of hydride are required. The carbonyl oxygen atom is lost in complex with the aluminum. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions no XT ... AH, NH2 H3C7NH, 30-AIHz H3C 7 H20+ Ho, H. NH, NH3 HAC NHA H3C OH Amides can be hydrolyzed to yield carboxylic acids. The conditions are...
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution is a major reaction for acids and acid derivatives. This...
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution is a major reaction for acids and acid derivatives. This is the reaction that converts one derivative into another. The substitution can occur in basic or acidic condition, depending on a derivative. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution in Basic Conditions-general mechanism NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK LOSS OF A LEAVING GROUP Nue Nuc Nuc Note: in cases when the nucleophile is neutral (H20, ROH,RNHzl, the mechanism includes one more step: deprotonation of an already attached Nuc: group by another...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions?...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
The following amide is synthesized from an acid chloride via nucleophilic acyl substitution. Draw the two...
The following amide is synthesized from an acid chloride via nucleophilic acyl substitution. Draw the two neutral organic starting materials needed to synthesize the amide. . H3C CH3 H
Help with these! ( H 7. Acyl Substitution Practice. Show the first couple of mechanistic steps...
Help with these!
( H 7. Acyl Substitution Practice. Show the first couple of mechanistic steps in a Fischer Esterification. Show the final product h︿cu2 wheu . (3) (a) show first intermediate using H+ 해 ..0-CH2CH3 (b) show intermediate after electrophile & nucleophile bond (c) draw final product (More steps) a. Identify (circle and label). (4) the nucleophilic atom, electrophilic atom, and leaving group in the reaction below 0 b. Why is the reaction above expected to go faster than...
Paragraph Styles 6. ... 7 1. Why is an ester less reactive to nucleophilic acyl substitution...
Paragraph Styles 6. ... 7 1. Why is an ester less reactive to nucleophilic acyl substitution than an acid chloride? A) Chloride is a better leaving group B) Oxygen is better at donating electron density into the carbonyl with added resonance stability. C) Chloride is a better leaving group and compared to chlorine, oxygen is better at donating electron density into the carbonyl with added resonance stability D) The alkoxy anion is less basic than the chloride anion. 2. What...
Synthesis involving nucleophilic acyl substitution to form a carboxylic acid derivative. Redox reactions of carbonyls and...
Synthesis involving nucleophilic acyl substitution to form a
carboxylic acid derivative. Redox reactions of carbonyls and
alcohols // Grignard additions to nitrils & esters.
These are part of a series of review problems... please try to
solve all four, thank you!
OCH OH OH CH CH3 Br all carbon compounds must begin with this NO
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can...
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with Cl, Br, or 12, under acidic conditions. Using Br2 under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the a-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Not started curved arrows to show the movement...
(References] Rio de H* OH this method does work Fischer esterification cannot be used to prepare...
(References] Rio de H* OH this method does work Fischer esterification cannot be used to prepare tert-butyl esters. Instead, carboxylic acids are treated with 2-methylpropene and an acid catalyst. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions no XT 30 -H HÖ H30* R R Submit Answer Try Another Version 2 item attempts remaining
Ph3P CH3 Ph H3C H3C Eto2C The Fischer esterification reaction synthesizes an ester via a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction The stereochemistry the alcohol oxygen that makes the nucleophilic attack. The Mitsunobu reaction, on the other hand, allows the synthesis of an ester in which the stereochemistry of the alcohol is inverted. The reaction involves a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, as well as triphenylphosphine and an azo compound termed diethyl azodicarboxylate DEAD). As with the Fischer esterification, H20 is formally...
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with LiAlH4. Two additions of hydride are required. The carbonyl oxygen atom is lost in complex with the aluminum. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions no XT ... AH, NH2 H3C7NH, 30-AIHz H3C 7 H20+ Ho, H. NH, NH3 HAC NHA H3C OH Amides can be hydrolyzed to yield carboxylic acids. The conditions are...
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution is a major reaction for acids and acid derivatives. This is the reaction that converts one derivative into another. The substitution can occur in basic or acidic condition, depending on a derivative. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution in Basic Conditions-general mechanism NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK LOSS OF A LEAVING GROUP Nue Nuc Nuc Note: in cases when the nucleophile is neutral (H20, ROH,RNHzl, the mechanism includes one more step: deprotonation of an already attached Nuc: group by another...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
The following amide is synthesized from an acid chloride via nucleophilic acyl substitution. Draw the two neutral organic starting materials needed to synthesize the amide. . H3C CH3 H
Help with these!
( H 7. Acyl Substitution Practice. Show the first couple of mechanistic steps in a Fischer Esterification. Show the final product h︿cu2 wheu . (3) (a) show first intermediate using H+ 해 ..0-CH2CH3 (b) show intermediate after electrophile & nucleophile bond (c) draw final product (More steps) a. Identify (circle and label). (4) the nucleophilic atom, electrophilic atom, and leaving group in the reaction below 0 b. Why is the reaction above expected to go faster than...
Paragraph Styles 6. ... 7 1. Why is an ester less reactive to nucleophilic acyl substitution than an acid chloride? A) Chloride is a better leaving group B) Oxygen is better at donating electron density into the carbonyl with added resonance stability. C) Chloride is a better leaving group and compared to chlorine, oxygen is better at donating electron density into the carbonyl with added resonance stability D) The alkoxy anion is less basic than the chloride anion. 2. What...
Synthesis involving nucleophilic acyl substitution to form a
carboxylic acid derivative. Redox reactions of carbonyls and
alcohols // Grignard additions to nitrils & esters.
These are part of a series of review problems... please try to
solve all four, thank you!
OCH OH OH CH CH3 Br all carbon compounds must begin with this NO
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with Cl, Br, or 12, under acidic conditions. Using Br2 under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the a-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Not started curved arrows to show the movement...
(References] Rio de H* OH this method does work Fischer esterification cannot be used to prepare tert-butyl esters. Instead, carboxylic acids are treated with 2-methylpropene and an acid catalyst. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions no XT 30 -H HÖ H30* R R Submit Answer Try Another Version 2 item attempts remaining
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