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Which element in Group I has the lowest effective nuclear charge, Zeff, for a valence electron? Answer with correct elemental
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Answer #1

Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) in simple words means how strongly the valence electrons are attracted to nucleus and this depends on how shielded the nucleus is. Shielding increases as number of shells increases, so elements that are at the bottom of group are most shielded and would have lowest effective nuclear charge.

Therefore in group 1, Francium (Fr) has lowest effective nuclear charge.

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