Question

Hi everyone, I have a C programming problem, answers are better with explanations.

Background Materials:

In most of the C code you have looked at so far in this course, input with scanf has read multiple characters per function call, and output with printf has written multiple characters per function call However, a central idea behind the design of the I/O (short for input/output) functions in the Standard C library is that input and output of text is really done one byte at a time. This is true for terminal input and output streams, and also true for input and output streams related to files In this exercise, we'l look at the fputc (single character output) and fgeto (single character input) functions Before explaining how fputc and fgetc work, I have to say a few words about FILE stdin, stdout, and EOF, which are all facilities offered by the <stdio.h> header file FILE is a type, related to handling files, as you may have guessed. For this lab, if an input function has an argument of type FILE *, use stdin to get input if an output function has an argument of type FILE * use stdout to send all you need to know about FILE is this: from the terminal:; output to the terminal

The Task:

The Answer:

The completed C code.

Below is the file charIO4C.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#define QUIT_LETTER 'q'

int main(void)
{
  int c, line_length;

  // Each pass through the outer loop reads a line of input.
  while (1) {
    printf("\nEnter a line of text. (To quit, start the line with %c.)\n",
           QUIT_LETTER);
    c = fgetc(stdin);
    if (c == EOF || c == QUIT_LETTER)
      break;                    // Leave outer loop.

    line_length = 0;
    printf("Changing uppercase to lowercase ...\n");

    // Inner loop reads chars until '\n' or EOF is found.
    while (c != '\n' && c != EOF) {
      line_length++;
      fputc(tolower(c), stdout);
      c = fgetc(stdin);
    }
    fputc('\n', stdout);
    printf("Length of line, not counting '\\n', was %d.\n", line_length);
  }

  printf("Bye!\n");
  return 0;
}

Thanks a lot!

Answer 1

//Modified program will print number of alphabets in addition to the number of characters read

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ctype.h>

#define QUIT_LETTER 'q'

int main(void)

{

int c, line_length, tot_alpha;

// Each pass through the outer loop reads a line of input.

while (1) {

    printf("\nEnter a line of text. (To quit, start the line with %c.)\n",

           QUIT_LETTER);

    c = fgetc(stdin);

    if (c == EOF || c == QUIT_LETTER)

      break;                    // Leave outer loop.

    line_length = 0;

    tot_alpha = 0;     //variables to hold number of alpabets

    printf("Changing uppercase to lowercase ...\n");

    // Inner loop reads chars until '\n' or EOF is found.

    while (c != '\n' && c != EOF) {

      line_length++;

      if(isalpha(c)!=0) //Checking for alphabets

                tot_alpha++;

      fputc(tolower(c), stdout);

      c = fgetc(stdin);

    }

    fputc('\n', stdout);

    printf("Length of line, not counting '\\n', was %d.\n", line_length);

    //Printing total alphabets

    printf("%d of the characters in the line were letters\n", tot_alpha);

}

printf("Bye!\n");

return 0;

}

//Modified program will print number of digits in addition to the number of characters read

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ctype.h>

#define QUIT_LETTER 'q'

int main(void)

{

int c, line_length, tot_digits;

// Each pass through the outer loop reads a line of input.

while (1) {

printf("\nEnter a line of text. (To quit, start the line with %c.)\n",

QUIT_LETTER);

c = fgetc(stdin);

if (c == EOF || c == QUIT_LETTER)

break; // Leave outer loop.

line_length = 0;

tot_digits = 0; //variables to hold number of digits

printf("Changing uppercase to lowercase ...\n");

// Inner loop reads chars until '\n' or EOF is found.

while (c != '\n' && c != EOF) {

line_length++;

if(isdigit(c)!=0) //Checking for digit

tot_digits++;

fputc(tolower(c), stdout);

c = fgetc(stdin);

}

fputc('\n', stdout);

printf("Length of line, not counting '\\n', was %d.\n", line_length);

//Printing total digits

printf("%d of the characters in the line were digits\n", tot_digits);

}

printf("Bye!\n");

return 0;

}