Question

Q1 - Given a choice which of the four types of general immunity would be the safest and most helpful to obtain and why? Q2 - Differentiate between gene regulation strategies in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes ( 20 marks)

Answer 1

Q1. Before the entry of the infectious material/organism, innate immunity is the safest immunity, because it prevents the disease causing agent from entering it self.

If a disease causing agent manages to make entry, then cell-mediated immunity, which removes the foreign agent nonspecifically. Thus, it is the second level safe immunity.

If disease causing agent escapes both innate and cell-mediated types of immunity, then humoral immunity plays its role in eliminating the disease-causing agent specifically by producing antibodies. But in order to prepare antibodies it takes time.

Q2.

Gene regulation strategies

Gene regulation is the mechanism of either inducing or repressing the gene expression.

The repressor binds to the structural gene or operon's promoter as per the signal and prevents the binding of RNA Polymerase and prevents transcription.

The inducer does the opposite function to that of repressor and allows the transcription.

Catabolite repression is the another mode of gene regulation, where in presence of another particular substance along with the substrate of operon products the operon will be repressed.

Eukaryotic gene regulation occurs at many stages.

Chromatin accessibility.

Transcription factors like TFIID and TFIIB bind DNA and RNA Polymerase .

The core promoters, enhancers and silencers participate in gene regulationof eukaryotes.