Question

Chapter 3- Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Define

Cultural Pluralism (p. 50)

Multicultural Education (p. 51)

Achievement gap (p. 54)

Disproportionality Representation (pp. 56-57)

Cross-cultural dissonance (pp. 60-61)

Culturally responsive Instruction (pp. 62-63)

SIOP-Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (pp. 68-69)

Answer 1

1. Cultural pluralism refers when as a small group of communities(minorities) immigrate into another larger society with different cultural background, while still maintaining their unique cultural identities, their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture in which they live because they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society.

The typical example of cultural pluralism is the United States of America.

2. Multicultural education refers to is a form of education that teacher teaches it's students the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds. For example, teachers may modify and incorporate the contents of lessons with the use of texts, materials, references, and historical examples that are understandable to students from different cultural backgrounds or that reflect their particular cultural experience. This is done to reflect the cultural diversity of the students in a particular class.

3. Achievement gap refers to any observed, significant and persistent disparity or gap in academic performance or educational attainment between different groups of students, such as white students compared to other minorities, for example, or students from a higher economic background and lower economic background, native-English speakers to students who are learning English,etc..

4. Disproportionality Representation- refers to the ratio which can be underrepresentation, proportional representation, or overrepresentation of a population between the percentage of persons in a particular racial or ethnic group at experiencing an event (maltreatment, incarceration, school dropouts) compared to other the percentage of the population. Example: There is disproportionality overrepresentation of African American students with learning disability than students from other groups.

5. Cross-cultural dissonance occurs when there is a mismatch of home and school cultures. There is an uncomfortable sense of discord, confusion, incoherence or conflict experienced by the students in the midst of change in their cultural environment at home and at school. The changes are often unexplained or not understandable to the students due to various types of cultural dynamics. Example: Dating is often considered as taboo among Indian-Amercians

6. Culturally responsive Instruction is a pedagogy taught to teachers to display cultural competence. It is a skill to teach in a cross-cultural or multicultural setting. Teachers use this method to encourage each student to relate course content to his or her cultural context. For example, many societies and cultures have fireworks festivals, like Indians have Diwali, While during such a festival, the teacher could teach how to calculate speed using fireworks.

7. SIOP-Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol

The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model is based on research. It is validated and standardised instructional model used more than 15 years to address the academic needs and linguistic needs of English learners throughout the United States. SIOP Model helps teachers to prepare, plan and deliver lessons that allow English learners to acquire academic knowledge to they develop English language proficiency

There are eight interrelated components in SIOP model, which are; Preparation of lesson, Background building for the lesson, Comprehensible Input to be given to students, Strategies to be used, Interaction with the students(topics for discussion), Practical Application of concepts, Lesson Delivery, Review & Assessment.