Question

What elements make up a carbohydrate? What ratio are these always found in? molecules that combine to form maltose (draw What is a disaccharide? Draw the reaction of two glucose the structures) function of starch, cellulose, and glycogen. What are polysaccharides? Describe the structure and Study the diagrams below, which show carbohydrate molecules. Beside each molecule, write whether it is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide. он CH OH H HOCH но он н нон Glucose он н CH2OH OH но но н нон Fructose subunit OH CH20H Up to 1000 0-,-or more ^ OH H1monomers он н нон нон Glucose subunit Glucose 4, what is the function of #1 in our bodies? 5, what is the function of #3 in our bodies? 6. What is the name of the chemical process that joined the disaccharide and the polysaccharide?

Answer 1

1) The elements that are present in the carbohydrates are carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O). The ratio that are always present in 1:2:1 (C:H:O).

For example glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) : C-6, H-12 and O-6. So, the ratio of C:H:O = 6:12:6 = 1:2:1

2) Disaccharide is defined as class of sugars where two monosaccharide molecules are present.

For example : Maltose is a disaccharide which contains 2 glucose molecules.

Lactose is also disaccharide which contains glucose and galactose molecules

3) Polysaccharides are the polymer of carbohydrates that contain large number of monosaccharides that are bounded together by glycosidic linkages.

Structure and function of :

a) starch : It is made up of alpha glucose molecules. They are of two forms :

a) Linear and helical amylose b) branched amylopectin.

Function : It is used to store the energy in plants.

b) cellulose : It is polymer of beta glucose molecules and long unbranched polysaccharide.

Function : Plant cell walls are made up of cellulose fibrils.

c) glycogen : It is made up of branched chains 1,6 alpha glycosidic bonds and linear 1,4 glycosidic bonds.

Function : It is used to store the energy in animals and fungi

4) First monosaccharide is alpha-D-galactopyranose

Second disaccharide is Sucrose which is disaccharide that consists of glucose and fructose

Third polysaccharide is Amylose that is linear and polymer of alpha D glucopyranose with 1,4 glycosidic bonds

5) Function of galactose in the body is produced from the lactose i.e milk sugar. Or sometimes glucose is converted into galactose by hexoneogenesis so that galactose in the form lactose is released from the mammary glands.

It also acts as precursor of glucose. It is also known as brain sugar because it helps in the development of brain in babies and found in cerebrosides.

6) Function of amylose in the body is energy reserve and food reserve which is digested to simple fragments. It is usually in the form of starch.

7) The chemical process that joined in the disaccharides and the polysaccharides is the condensation or dehydration reactions. Thus it is intermolecular dehydration reaction.

c u.ou OH OH G UUCOE