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Why do cells use protein complexes or assemblies regularly and not individual proteins to execute functions...

Why do cells use protein complexes or assemblies regularly and not individual proteins to execute functions of the cell? Include illustrations along with your explanation for why this is the case. Be very thorough and specific with your answer.

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Protein complex is group of two or more associated polypetide chains. Usually these are seen in cells.They serve varied kind of functions in cells like receptors, trans membrane proteins, protein channels etc...

Usually these are advantageous over individual proteins because of their structural differences. Protein complexes are basically quaternary structure of proteins. They are stabilized by various kinds of bonds. Moreover having multiple protiens in a single complex will enable a single moiety to serve several functions. As we know collective or team work is always beneficial and gives higher outcomes, the same is applied here also.

There are several examples where protein complex reveal their advantageous nature. The one in the thylakoids synthesising ATP and NADPH, similarly Electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane, ATP synthase, immunoglobulins, enzymes etc. all these are protein complexes. Individual proteins might not be that efficient as that of protein complexes.

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