Why do cells use protein complexes or assemblies regularly and not individual proteins to execute functions of the cell? Include illustrations along with your explanation for why this is the case. Be very thorough and specific with your answer.
Protein complex is group of two or more associated polypetide chains. Usually these are seen in cells.They serve varied kind of functions in cells like receptors, trans membrane proteins, protein channels etc...
Usually these are advantageous over individual proteins because of their structural differences. Protein complexes are basically quaternary structure of proteins. They are stabilized by various kinds of bonds. Moreover having multiple protiens in a single complex will enable a single moiety to serve several functions. As we know collective or team work is always beneficial and gives higher outcomes, the same is applied here also.
There are several examples where protein complex reveal their advantageous nature. The one in the thylakoids synthesising ATP and NADPH, similarly Electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane, ATP synthase, immunoglobulins, enzymes etc. all these are protein complexes. Individual proteins might not be that efficient as that of protein complexes.
Why do cells use protein complexes or assemblies regularly and not individual proteins to execute functions...
Proteins Learning Activity 1 Individuals such as vegetarians who do not consume complete protein sources, should consume complementary proteins to ensure adequate intakes of all essential amino acids. List 3 sets of complementary proteins. As stated above, research indicates that most Americans consume protein in excess of 2-3 times the RDA. Discuss the potential health effects (problems) an individual would be at risk for by consuming excess amounts of protein and/or protein rich foods for a prolonged period of time....
In-Class Activity #12, Protein Tratlicking Worksheet 1. You are interested in four different proteins in a yeast cell: • protein 1 is a cytosolic protein protein 2 is a secreted protein • protein 3 is a nuclear protein protein 4 is a cell surface membrane protein with N-terminal end in extra-cellular space. a. You plan to study how the proteins are localized to their specific destination by creating the following mutations in the genes encoding proteins 1-4. Indicate how the...
Why do cells lack membrane transport proteins that are specific for the movement of Oz? Choose one: A. because oxygen is transported in and out of the cell by special oxygen-binding proteins such as hemoglobin B. because oxygen concentrations must be kept low inside cells to avoid creating reactive superoxide radicals that can damage DNA and proteins C. because oxygen, dissolved in water, can enter cells via aquaporins D. because oxygen dissolves readily in lipid bilayers E. because transport of...
4. How does a cell regulate protein activity to impact mechanisms/cell functions? Why is this important? Have five specific examples and do not include any mechanisms that completely degrade the protein of interest.
Meritor, a company that makes muffler assemblies for the automotive industry, is committed to the use of kanban to pull material through its manufacturing cells. Meritor has designed each cell to fabricate a specific family of muffler products. Fabricating a muffler assembly involves cutting and bending pieces of pipe that are welded to a muffler and a catalytic converter. The mufflers and catalytic converters are pulled into the cell based on current demand. The catalytic converters are made in a...
Cell Fis an abnormally dividing malignant cell with a high likelihood of metastasizing to other places in the body. Cell Z is an abnormally dividing benign cell that has a very low likelihood of metastasizing to other places in the body. Both abnormal cells can form tumors in breast tissue. Why does cell F have a high chance of metastasis while cell Z does not? In 1-2 sentences, use a molecular (DNA, protein, etc.) explanation for why Cell F is...
How do cells become specialized so they can have specific functions? A. Your cerebellum signals the cells telling them what type to turn into. • B. Special 'command cells' tell them what type of cell to turn into. C. They all have the same DNA but activate different genes specific to their needs. D. Each type of cells has its own DNA instructions for its function. • Reset Selection In 1665_ published Micrographia, a book of microscopic observations, and coined...
A. You want to make a translational fusion of protein Z and the yellow fluorescent protein YFP (Z-YFP) so that expression of the fusion occurs with the same cell-specific pattern as that of protein Z. The protein Z gene has a 2 kb promoter, two 1 kb exons, and one 5 kb intron. The YFP gene is 0.7 kb. Outline with words and sketches your strategy to make the Z-YFP fusion clone using PCR. You already have cells that contain...
Scientists want to design fluorescent marker proteins for different cellular compartments using the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). This means that the GFP will be targeted and glow at the organelle of interest and they can use these to mark different organelles during fluorescence microscopy. To make these marker proteins, they take the sequence of GFP and add the desired sorting signal. A. GFP on its own is an excellent protein to use as an organelle marker protein because it is...
Explain why most multicellular organisms use an iron-containing protein for oxygen binding rather than tree Fe^2+ Your answer should include an explanation of (a) the role of home and (b) the role of the protein itself.