Question

All questions 1 through 7 please.

Can you please help me with ALL questions 1 through 7. Thank you. Topic: Osteoporosis The specific body systems and organs that are directly involved and affected by the disease/disorder; any other body systems and organs that are affected. (4 points) The signs and symptoms of the disease or disorder. (4 points) The treatment options. (4 points) Is there a recommended diet a person should follow when suffering from this disease/disorder? (3 points) Is there a recommended exercise regimen a person should follow when suffering from this disease/disorder? (3 points) What is the pathophysiology of this disease or disorder/how does it occur? (In other words, what is the process that occurs to cause this disease/disorder?) (10 points) Can others get it? How? (3 points) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Answer 1

1.Osteoporosis affects the entire skeleton but the spongy part of spine is more subjected to it and is quite vulnerable.The neck portion of the femur is most affected and is subjected to frequent fractures.

2.In the early stages of the diseases there are no visible symptoms of the disease.But in the later stages it may include-

a.Back pain caused by collapsed vertebra.

b.bent or stooped posture

c.Skeletal system becomes weak and bones are susceptible to fractures in comparison to normal person of same age group.

3.Osteoporosis can be treated with vitamin D and calcium supplements .Hormone replace therapy especially estrogens are used to treat osteoporosis.Even certain weight bearing exercises help in its treatment.

4.. Diet rich in calcium should be recommended to patients suffering from osteoporosis.Milk,yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products have high levels of calcium, and also other key nutrients for bone health, such as phosphorus and protein.Estrogenic compounds in soy products (mainly the isoflavones daidzein and genistein) offer a good addition to some patients regimen.

5.People who spend a lot of time sitting have a higher risk of osteoporosis than do those who are more active. Any weight-bearing exercise and activities that promote balance and good posture are beneficial for your bones, but walking, running, jumping, dancing and weightlifting seem particularly helpful.

6.Most often, osteoporosis occurs in the aged, particularly in postmenopausal women. Sex hormones (androgens in males and estrogens in females) help maintain the health and overall density of the skeleton by restraining osteoclasts (cells that resorb or degrade bone tissue) and promoting deposit of new bone. After menopause however, estrogen secretion wanes, and estrogen deficiency is strongly implicated in osteoporosis in older women.

It is well established that estrogen , parathyroid hormone , and to a lesser extent testosterone , are essential for optimal bone development and maintenance. Of these, estrogen is now believed to have the most direct effect on bone cells, interacting with specific proteins, or receptors, on the surface of osteoblasts and osteoclasts .This interaction sets off a complex chain of events within the cells, increasing osteoblast activity while at the same time interfering with osteoblast-osteoclast communication – one of the ironies of bone remodeling is that the osteoblasts release factors that stimulate osteoclasts and drive bone resorption.

7.Subtle differences in the genetic code might explain why one person’s osteoblasts or osteoclasts are more active or responsive to their environment, and it might also lead to the discovery of unknown regulatory mechanisms. Environmental factors can also have an enormous impact on bone physiology.

But osteoporosis is not a contagious disease i.e. if a person is suffering fom this disease the other cannot get it by sharing his products ,blood transfusion, sexual contact etc.