Question

12. Individual cytoskeletal filaments are typically organized into more complex structures within the cytosol. What two general types of structures do individual filaments combine to form in the cytosol? How are these structures created and maintained?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells contain three main kinds of cyotskeletal filament:-

microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filament. Each cytoskeletal filament is formed by polymerization of a distinct type of protein subunit and has its own characteristic shape and intracellular distribution.

The cytoskeleton is responsible for contraction, cell motility, movement of organelles and vesicles through the cytoplasm, cytokinesis, establishment of the intracellular organization of the cytoplasm, establishment of cell polarity, and many other functions that are essential for cellular homeostasis and survival. It accomplishes these tasks through three basic structures: 7- to 8-nm diameter microfilaments composed of actin, 10-nm IFs with cell-specific composition, and 24-nm outer diameter microtubules composed of tubulin dimers. The cytoskeleton is a dynamic structure where the three major filaments and tubules are under the influence of proteins that regulate their length, state of polymerization, and level of cross-linking. Members of the myosin family move vesicles along actin microfilaments with specific directionality, whereas members of the kinesin and dynein families move cargo along microtubule tracks and play essential roles in the formation and function of the mitotic spindle. Both forms of translocation require ATP hydrolysis. Contraction caused by the interaction of myosin heads with actin filaments also derives its energy from ATP hydrolysis.

The membrane skeleton was first described in erythrocytes, where it maintains the cellular biconcave shape and gives the cell its properties of elasticity and flexibility. Spectrins are now known to be present in all eukaryotic cells, and these membrane skeletons play roles as diverse as controlling membrane traffic, DNA repair, calcium release from internal stores, and synaptic transmission

Cytoskeleton represents the basic structural framework of the cell. Three major types of filaments make up the cytoskeleton: microfilaments or actin filaments, MTs, and intermediate filaments. The presence of this system in all cells, as well as their structural diversity and cytoplasmic distribution, has been recognized relatively in recent years. Actins and tubulins are the most abundant CS proteins that support and participate in diverse cellular functions.

The structure of cytoskeleton is cready by the cell is made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. These structures give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts. In addition, they provide a basis for movement and cell division.

The structure is maintained by.... Microtubules and Filaments. The cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement. . Rather, several different components work together to. Form cytoskeletal

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