Question

A 45-year-old woman with Type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital and has preliminary diagnosis of the nephrotic syndrome. She has not been feeling well for the past week and has bilateral pitting edema in her lower limbs. Her admission urinalysis results follow Color Clarity SG Ph Blood Protein LE Nitrite Glucose Ketones Bilirubin Urobilinogen Colorless Clear 1.010 5.0 small 500 mg/d Negative Negative 250 mg/di Negative negative normal **Large amount of white foam noted. 1. 2. Circle any abnormal or discrepant urinalysis findings. Which substance most likely accounts for the large amount of white foam observed? a. Fat b. Protein c. Glucose d. Blood/hemoglobin Explain the most likely reason for the presence of increased red blood cells in this patient's urine. 3. 4. Is the hemoglobin present (blood reaction: small) contributing to the protein test result? Explain.

Answer 1

1. The presence of blood, proteins and ketone bodies in the urine are the abnormal findings

2. Option B is correct as presence of protein in the urine causes the white foam in the urine

3. There may be the case of the infection in urinary tract or prostate

4. Yes because hemoglobin is iron containing protein

5. Option A is correct as in this case the glomerular proeinuria occurs

6. Serum creatinine is important biomarker in this case

7. it’s called as glycosuria and may be the reason for the diabetes