Question

in geophysics, can you illustrate/ explain and elaborate why and how do we use the ground penetrating radar technique and what are its limitations?

what is surface vs down the hole exploration?

Answer 1

Ground penetrating. Radar Technique! * Ground -penetrating - radar - technique (Ger) is a non-destructive testing technique of reinforced to Concrete has been a difficult question in Civil and geo-technical engineering. 488 * GPR Can Evaluate accurately the interior . Structure and quality of concrete.. * True locate the un En posed Concrete objects, such as bomb shelter ete: * GPR hase been used in the measurement e of the thickness of road surfaces. * Internal lining of pipelines and tunnels, the study of geological formations field. * GPR technique can be used to carry out imaging reinforced concrete Structure and make out assessment to the qualitig R. Concrete structure.

process → GPR is the general term applied to techniques that Employ radio waves, typically in the lóto '2000' MHz frequency range; to map Structure and features buried in the ground (or in man-made Structures). - Gpr mares esse & electromagnetic waves generated into the surface of the object Studied by means of an antenna moving along the surface. - A common instrumentation Configuration Consists of an antenna Connected via a Signal power cable to computer-based System Control unit. Surveys are conducted by towering an antenna across a surface as it is repeatedly transmitting roolar pulses into the subsursace. She never rodes pulses Strice a boundary interface of contrasting dielectric, a portion of the pulse is Suface and a receiving reflected back to the antenna

Limitations of GPR :- * The main limitations of GPR use is low resistivity Chigh Conductivity I f the observed medium. This affects y pulse penetration * depth of The depth of rebare, burried in concrete is not high. → Surface Exploration is Surface Exploration is the use of Specific techniques to determine the nature and Engineering charactersticio at the surface of Earth to measure physical properties of surface... - Down-hole Exploration :- Down-hole Exploration about the phylical properties of rocks, such as their density. magnetic properties or Electrical Conductivia