Question

2. The process of protein localization/trafficking into the mitochondria is very complicated! a. How many membranes make up the mitochondria? What are they called? b. The signal sequence for mitochondrial protein import folds into which secondary structure? C. What are TIMs and TOMS? d. What is the role of chaperone proteins in this type of transport? e. Is mitochondrial transport post or co-translational?

Answer 1

A.

Mitochondria is a characteristic Eukaryotic organelles. It is a double membrane bound organelles. The outer membrane is called as outer mitochondrial membrane and the inner one is inner mitochondrial membrane. In between the two membranes, intermembrane space is present.

B.

The signal sequence of Mitochondria is able to form internal hydrogen bond and therefore can form Alpha helix which is a secondary structure.

C.

TIM are Transporters of inner mitochondrial membrane whereas TOM are Transporters of outer mitochondrial membrane.

D.

Chaperones are proteins which help in the folding of other proteins. Therefore they are the most important part of protein sorting system because without chaperones, proteins will not be folded and therefore will not function.

E.

Mitochondrial transport is post translational transportation. In this type of transport, the protein is first synthesized fully and then it is transported to the target organ. Organelles like peroxisomes and Golgi apparatus also show post-translational transportation.

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