Question

Please note that there are 2 questions below.

1. Discuss the concept of safety analysis in engineering and how safety engineering is accomplished through the use of general systems theory. Include a scenario to support your explanation.

Your response should be at least 300 words in length.

2. Discuss how the use of leading safety performance indicators may be designed into a work system in tandem with the hierarchy of controls to engineer hazards out of a work system and reflect a system safety process. Include a scenario to support your explanation.

Your response should be at least 300 words in length.

Answer 1

Answer:

(a) Design of safety an dsafety analysis is the process to find the hazards and then to tackle with the hazards, two main things are required to know which are, probability of occurance of that hazard and the possible consequenses which can take placed due to the problem.Depending upon the nature, these two process can be assessed by using top down or bottom up approach. Safety analysis can be qualitative as well as quantitaive.

Saftey analaysis provides the acceptable levels to safety which can be anaysised with the proper methods as we have mentioned in the above paragraph.Safety analysis if done properly, it acts as life saving parameter in real life even in case of the component fail.

In olil and gas fields, they use qualitative safety system of analysis for ensuring the protection of the production systems and the platform on which it is done. The analysis is carried out at the design phase itself to know the engineering hazards which can come at later stage and risk removal measures are also discussed.There are different stages which are avaialble during the safety analysis and each stage is performed by the process flo on the basis of requirement.

In the very first stage, individual process and components are identified for the anayalsis. Each and every components which are subjected to the safety analysis are used to find the undesirable events which can occur during that time so that initial actions can be initiated and effect of undesirable events can be minimised.

Safety engineering through the use of general systems theory with example

General system theory for safety analysis was initially and first given by Ludwig von bertalanffy which came in year of 1968. Initially there was various general as well as scientific problemsavailablein the omplex systems.For resolving this complex system which was coming and taking place during the initial times, mathematical models was developed with the help of huge and good principles.As we already told, safety engineering always deals with the pre determination of the problems and solves these problems by using various scientific tools.

In general system approach also, problem is found in advance and the solutions for the same are determoned with the help of scientific tools. In general system approach mathematical modes are also made for finding the solution at very first stage of the process.With the help of mathematical models which are made for general system concept, optimal solution is found for the process and the activity to cause any danger in the future.

As an example in water managemnet systems,the main problem is hard and impure water which can go to society and cause various harmful effects. As per the safety engineering concept general system theory can be applied in these type of systems for appropriately designing the pipelines and also the infastructures so that the impure condition of water as mentioned can be removed with the help of different chemical reactions. It is a kind of hazard anaysis which is to be done at the ey initial stage.

(b)

A leading safety performance indicator represents the future event which is used to find the solution strategies which are used to find the results before theinjury or accidents or to prvent and control the injury. There are different leading safety performance indicator examples which can be given as

• Different surveys for knowing the employee perceptions
• Safety trainings
• Identification and corelation of ergonomic oppotunities
• Safety audits
• Reduction of safety risk factors

It is based on futur safety performance and the same is used for the continuos improvement. All the meaures which are used are based on the proactive approach and the employees who do this process also do this on regular basis for the prevention of the injuries Now a days most of the industries uses these factors and their perception regarding safety is also changing.Leading safety factors measures performance. The points which generally leading safety performance factors allows are

• It allows to see the improvements in the performance
• It gives the measure of positiveness and progress
• It allows to get the feedback on the regular basis
• It gives the impact vs intension track
• It allows to be predictive
• It allows to be credible
• It gives the measures to make the system more better

The main objective of leading safety performance indicators is to identify the main hazards and potentials for the accidents before the time it occurs.It includes idenifying of maintenance backlogs which are generally used and applied in idustries. It starts with the system hazard anaysis, and cause ate identified with the help of traditional hazard anaysis. The risk assesment can be based on probability based model or mathmetical based models. System theorietic accident model and process also known as STAMP is also a approach used for knowing the accident cause and to find the tools which can define the model. This process use moe complex system approaches than the traditional one.