Question

3. How might differences in latitude be related to differences in surface temperature at a given time of year?

Answer 1

Yes we get different temperature at different latitudes, this is because of the presence of the sun. Generally we get maximum temperature at the equator throughout the year and minimum temperature at pole, because at equator we get direct solar insolation whereas at polar areas we get less insolation.

Also another thing i.e. rotation of Earth around the sun and its tilting affects the temperature difference.

Eg- during summer solstice at northern hemisphere we get summer season at northern hemisphere and winter season at Southern hemisphere, but during the winter solstice at northern hemisphere the condition reversed.

Also another thing is that the position of the sun, we know throughout a year the sun changes its position form 23.5 degree North to 23.5 degree south via equator. So we never get direct sun over the poles. That affects the temperature variation latitudinally.