Question

Describe what happens to when Snicker bars and Twizzlers, both physically and chemically, once they pass through your lips. In other words, trace the main ingredients (from a complex food source completely through molecular and submolecular levels) from the moment you start eating them until they are completely broken down into building blocks and cellular energy. Focus your answer on what happens to the key molecules in the food, and on the cellular aspect of these conversions. Also, describe how those building blocks and energy can both be used to help you to bulk up and have the energy.

Answer 1

Main ingredients of food are carbohydrates, protiens and fats. These ingredients are broken down into small and soluble form so that they can enter into the cell where they can be utilised by the cell for serving different cellular functions.

The process by which these ingredients of food are broken and converted into simple and soluble form is called as digestion. This process begins inside mouth where food gets mixed with saliva.

Teeth helps in masticstion of food and causes physical digestion of the food. Tongue mixes food with saliva. Saliva contains mucus, bicarbinate ions, antibacterial enzyme lysozyme and digestive enzyme salivary amylase . Bicarbonate ions neutralizes acidity of food. Lysozyme kills bacteria present in the food. Salivary amylase breaks large carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen into small carbohydrates such as maltose.

From the mouth this partially digested food passes into stomach.Inside stomach food gets mixed with gastric juice which contains HCl, mucus and protien digesting enzymes like pepsin and rennin. HCl makes medium of the food acidic as acidic medium.is rewuired for pepsin to function.

Pepsin digests protiens and converts them into peptides.

Renin acts on soluble.milk protien casein and converts it into paracaesin which is spontaneous precipitated into calcium paracaesinate by the help.of calcium forming curd. Pepsin then converts calcium paracaesinate into peptides.

From the stomach food mixed with gastric juice (chyme) enters small intestine. Inside small intestine complete digestion of food takes place. Food gets mixed with bile coming from liver, pancreatic juice from pancreas and intestinal juice from intestine.

Bile change the medium.of food from acidic into alkaline and causes emulsifocation of fats. Pancreatic juice contaund pancreatic amylsse, trysinogen ,chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidases and pancreatic lipases. Intestinal juice contains 6 carbohydrases ,2 proteases (amino peptidase and dipeptidases), intestinal lipase. These enzymes digest all types of ingredients of food into small simple substance. Carbohydrates are digested into glucose, fructose and galactose. Protiens are digested into amino acids and fats are digested into fatty acids.

These substances after the process of digestion pass into blood stream which carries them into cells by the process of absorption. Cells utilizes these substances for various functions such ashort energy production, tissue formation etc.