Question

Chapter 14: 18) Define: First, Second, and Third Lind of Defense; phagocytosis, inflammation, digestive enzymes, antibodies, physical& chemical barriers, cytokines, memory cells, white blood cells, inflammatory response, infection, protective defenses, foreign agents, innate, acquired List and describe the three Lines of Defense...nclude examples. 19) (420 8 443/421 & 442/425 &44/428& 450) 20) Know characteristics of Leukocytes. /?/T 14.2 p433/T14.2 436)

Answer 1

Answer:

Working on all, will update soon.

• First line of defense:
  • ​First line of defense is a non-specific barrier and includes skin (epithelia), saliva, tears, mucus, stomach acid and provides first level of protection against pathogens
• Second line of defence
  • Second line of defense is a non specific immune response and includes phagocytosis, natural killer cells, inflammation and fever.
• Third line of defense:
  • Third line of defense includes specific and systemic immune response. It includes Humoral immunity (antibody-mediated) and Cellular immunity (cell-mediated)
• Phagocytosis:
  • Phagocytosis is the process of engulfment and destruction of foreign invaders like bacteria and foreign particles by cells.
• Inflammation:
  • ​Inflammation is the local vascular and cellular response of living tissue to injury or trauma.
• Digestive enzymes:
  • A digestive enzyme is an enzyme that is specifically involved in the breaks down the food into smaller particles and thereby helps in absorption of nutrients.
• Antibodies
  • Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced by the body in response to an antigen (or foreign particle). It is produced by B-cell and is specific for a particular antigen.
• Physical and Chemical barriers:
  • ​Physical and chemical barriers provide the first line of defense againtst foreign pathogens. These include skin, tears, urine, acid secretions, enymes (salivary, respiratory). sweat,
• Cytokines:
  • ​Cytokines are messanger molecules (polypeptides) that are used for communication between cells.
• Memory Cells:
  • The memory cells are derived from B or T lymphocyte and these cells remain in the body after infection. So whenever the infection occurs again from the same pathogen, these cells quickly recognize the antigen.
• Whiteblood Cells:
  • ​White blood cells (leukocytes) are cells of the immune system and the major types of WBCs are: Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils, T and B Lymphocytes and Monocytes
• Inflammatory Response:
  • ​Inflammatory response is a prominent and complex biological response triggered by damage to body tissues.
• Infection
• Protective Defenses
• Foreign Agents
• Innate
• Acquired