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explain the difference between the protections provided by the Authentication Header (AH) and the Encapsulating Security...

explain the difference between the protections provided by the Authentication Header (AH) and the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) services in IPSec. In other words, what can ESP do that AH does not do and what can AH do that ESP does not do.

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Answer #1

AH, and ESP are used by IPSec as two different protocols.

  • AH protocol offers an authentication mechanism only. Whereas ESP offers authentication as well as data confidentiality.
  • Authentication in AH is offered by the use of a shared key algorithm. ESP uses the same algorithm but with different coverage.
  • In AH authentication, the entire IP packet along with the IP header is authenticated. Whereas in ESP only the datagram segment of the IP packet is authenticated.
  • The main difference between these two is the provision of services. While ESP can offer any service alone or together with other services AH is limited to authentication only. ESP can offer authentication, or confidentiality, or both the services at the same time.
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