Question

How is insect molting and metamorphosis regulated? Provide relevant details to describe how individual cells of an organ system function together as a unit, how they communicate, and how they coordinate their activities.

Answer 1

Both molting and metamorphosis are controlled by hormones. Molting is initiated when sensory receptors in the body wall detect that the internal soft tissues have filled the old exoskeleton and trigger production of a hormone from neurosecretory cells in the brain.Molting hormone then acts on the epidermis, stimulating growth and cuticle formation. Metamorphosis likewise is controlled by a hormone.

The body has levels of organization that build on each other. Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems. The cells in complex multicellular organisms like people are organized into tissues, groups of similar cells that work together on a specific task. Organs are structures made up of two or more tissues organized to carry out a particular function, and groups of organs with related functions make up the different organ systems. Just like workers on an assembly line, the organs of an organ system must work together for the system to function as a whole. For instance, the function of the digestive system—taking in food, breaking it down into molecules small enough to be absorbed, absorbing it, and eliminating undigested waste products—depends on each successive organ doing its individual job.Just as the organs in an organ system work together to accomplish their task, so the different organ systems also cooperate to keep the body running.For example, the respiratory system and the circulatory system work closely together to deliver oxygen to cells and to get rid of the carbon dioxide the cells produce.

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