Question

PRACTICE TEST Select the best answer 1. Vitamins a. provide the body with energy b, are inorganic c assist body functioning and structures d. are macronutrients 2. The fat-soluble vitamins include a. folate, D, A, and E b. A, D, E, and K c. B12, riboflavin, A, and E d. niacin, folate, C, and D 3. Bioavailability a. refers to how well a nutrient can be absorbed b. refers to how well a nutrient is used by the body c decreases when the nutrient is consumed in food rather than as an individual supplement d. both a and b 4. A molecule that binds to an enzyme so that the enzyme can do its metabolic work in the body is called a (an) a. coenzyme b. helper enzyme c. peri-enzyme d. add-enzyme 5. A good source of folate would be a. pork b. spinach c. banana d. mashed potatoes

Answer 1

Hi Answer:

A. Q. 1 Vitamins

Answer: Option c, Assist body functioning and structures. Explanation: The vitamins are known as micronutrients and these are not formed inside the body we have to take it from outside food for the proper function of the body.

Q. 2 the fat-soluble vitamins include

Answer: Option b. A, D, E and K. Explanation: These vitamins are soluble in fat only and not soluble in water.

Q. 3 Bioavailability

Answer: Option d, both a & B. Explanation: This is a term used in pharmacology and environmental science its exact meaning is the degree or rate at which a substance is absorbed by the body or is available at the place of physiological activity.

Q. 4 A molecule that binds to n enzyme so that the enzyme can do its metabolic work in the body is called an (an)

Answer: Option a. coenzyme. Explanation: The organic non-protein compound which is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme. This is a small molecule and unable to catalyze a reaction themselves but it helps to the enzyme to catalyze the reaction.

Q. 5 A good source of folate would be

Answer: Option b, spinach. Explanation: The food belongs to legumes just like beans, pea and lentils, citrus fruits have high folate amount. In the given options only the spinach have high folate amount present. The raw spinach (250 ml/1 cups) contains 61 mcg of folate.

B. TRUE OR FALSE

a. Toxicities are common with fat-soluble vitamins…….True

Explanation: Because they are stored for a long time in the body and have a great risk of toxicity when consumed in excess.

b. Cholecalciferol is the form of vitamin D found in plants……False

Explanation: It is known as Vitamin D3 and made by the skin also found in some foods and can be taken as a dietary supplement. It is used to treat the vitamin D deficiency. It's only a small amount can be found in plants which are contaminated with fungi. Normally vitamin D2 found in the plant which is known as ergocalciferol.

c. Vitamin B₁₂ is found in all plant products……False

Explanation: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products like fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk. It is not present in all plant foods, but fortified breakfast cereals are a readily available source of vitamin B12 with high bioavailability.

d. Overexposure to the sun can cause Vitamin D toxicity…..False

Explanation: The Vitamin D toxicity is caused only due to an overdose of Vitamin D supplements. The major effect of vitamin D toxicity is the hypercalcemia (high concentration of calcium in the blood) which causes nausea and vomiting etc.

e. Vitamins contribute 2kcal/gm to your caloric intake……False

Explanation: Vitamins didn’t provide any energy to our body, once vitamins are absorbed by our body they are used in multiple body functioning, including metabolism.

C. List at least 2-2 characterstics of fat soluble and water soluble vitamins

Answer:

Characteristics of Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K)

1. They are stored in the liver and fatty tissues of the body
2. The fat-soluble vitamins stay for a long time in a body so their overdose may cause toxicity.
3. They are absorbed in the small intestine

Characteristics of Water-Soluble Vitamins (B complex, folate, Vitamin B12, biotin and pantothenic acid C)

1. Are easily absorbed and easily excreted in the urine.
2. The human body stores a very small amount of water-soluble vitamins
3. Are absorbed in the jejunum

D. List the primary function and major sources of following vitamins: D, K, Riboflavin, Folate, Vitamin C

Answer:

Name of Vitamin	Primary function	Major food sources
Vitamin D	It helps in absorption of calcium and boosts up the bone growth and strength.	Beef liver, Cheese, egg yolks, Fatty fish like tuna & salmon
Vitamin K	It helps in the blood clotting	Green leafy vegetable like spinach, mustard greens, green leaf lettuce
Riboflavin	Also known as vitamin B2. It helps the body to convert food into glucose and provide energy to the body. Also, help in the metabolization of fats and proteins	Eggs, meat (kidney and liver), milk.
Folate	It helps in the proper functioning of nervous system. It also helps the vitamin B12 to make red blood cells and help in proper functioning of iron	Lentils, dried beans, peas, avocado, dark green vegetables such as broccoli, spinach, citrus fruit and juice
Vitamin C	Needs for the repair and growth of body and tissue repair. It also helps in the collagen formation which is compulsory protein for making skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels.	Vegetables like Broccoli, cabbage, sprouts, snow peas, tomatoes, Guava, Papaya, Orange