Homework Answers
The first step of this reaction involves attack of nucleophile on carbonyl carbon. For this attack, rate is dependent of two factors:
Electrophilicty of carbon and steric hindrance: the main being the former one.
Clearly, the extent of electrophilicity decreases due to lone pair donation by oxygen and nitrogen in ester and amide respectively.
However, it is obvious that this donation would be stringer in case of N than O because N is less electronegative.
Hence Decrease in electrophilicity will be higher in amide and hence reaction will be less reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution.
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(7 points) Explain why esters are more reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution compared to amides. Your...
(12 points) Esters can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide or via acyl su...
(12 points) Esters can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide or via acyl substitution reactions. Show the compounds required to synthesize the ester two different ways. Be sure the product will be favored. 4. H0 alkyl halide nucleophile acyl derivative nucleophile Given the information in the question above, provide appropriate reactants above. hat does a nucleophilic substitution reaction look like in general? Acyl substitution?
(12 points) Esters can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide...
_15. The class least reactive towards acyl substitution is a. carboxylates b. esters c. acid anhydrides...
_15. The class least reactive towards acyl substitution is a. carboxylates b. esters c. acid anhydrides d. carboxylic acids e. acid halides f. amides _ 16. Acetals protect aldehyde carbonyl groups from all of the following except: a. acidic conditions b. nucleophiles c. organometallics H h O d. basic conditions are. hydride reduction
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions?...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
Of the following compounds, circle the one that is most reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution and...
Of the
following compounds, circle the one that is most reactive towards
nucleophilic acyl substitution and underline the least reactive
one
Of the following compounds, CIRCLE the one that is MOST reactive toward 1.(2 pts) nucleophilic acyl substitution and underline the least reactive one. CH CH2COH CHjCH2COCCH CHCH2COCH3 (CH3) CCoCH3 3 2 CH, CTI, CNH2 CH,CH2 2.(2 pts each) Reactions. Provide the appropriate reactant, reagent, or product(s) as required. If more than one product is formed, indicate which is major....
Paragraph Styles 6. ... 7 1. Why is an ester less reactive to nucleophilic acyl substitution...
Paragraph Styles 6. ... 7 1. Why is an ester less reactive to nucleophilic acyl substitution than an acid chloride? A) Chloride is a better leaving group B) Oxygen is better at donating electron density into the carbonyl with added resonance stability. C) Chloride is a better leaving group and compared to chlorine, oxygen is better at donating electron density into the carbonyl with added resonance stability D) The alkoxy anion is less basic than the chloride anion. 2. What...
I need Summary of this Paper i dont need long summary i need What methodology they used , what is the purpose of this p...
I need Summary of this Paper i dont need long summary i need
What methodology they used , what is the purpose of this paper and
some conclusions and contributes of this paper. I need this for my
Finishing Project so i need this ASAP please ( IN 1-2-3 HOURS
PLEASE !!!)
Budgetary Policy and Economic Growth Errol D'Souza The share of capital expenditures in government expenditures has been slipping and the tax reforms have not yet improved the income...
(12 points) Esters can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide or via acyl substitution reactions. Show the compounds required to synthesize the ester two different ways. Be sure the product will be favored. 4. H0 alkyl halide nucleophile acyl derivative nucleophile Given the information in the question above, provide appropriate reactants above. hat does a nucleophilic substitution reaction look like in general? Acyl substitution?
(12 points) Esters can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide...
_15. The class least reactive towards acyl substitution is a. carboxylates b. esters c. acid anhydrides d. carboxylic acids e. acid halides f. amides _ 16. Acetals protect aldehyde carbonyl groups from all of the following except: a. acidic conditions b. nucleophiles c. organometallics H h O d. basic conditions are. hydride reduction
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
Of the
following compounds, circle the one that is most reactive towards
nucleophilic acyl substitution and underline the least reactive
one
Of the following compounds, CIRCLE the one that is MOST reactive toward 1.(2 pts) nucleophilic acyl substitution and underline the least reactive one. CH CH2COH CHjCH2COCCH CHCH2COCH3 (CH3) CCoCH3 3 2 CH, CTI, CNH2 CH,CH2 2.(2 pts each) Reactions. Provide the appropriate reactant, reagent, or product(s) as required. If more than one product is formed, indicate which is major....
Paragraph Styles 6. ... 7 1. Why is an ester less reactive to nucleophilic acyl substitution than an acid chloride? A) Chloride is a better leaving group B) Oxygen is better at donating electron density into the carbonyl with added resonance stability. C) Chloride is a better leaving group and compared to chlorine, oxygen is better at donating electron density into the carbonyl with added resonance stability D) The alkoxy anion is less basic than the chloride anion. 2. What...
I need Summary of this Paper i dont need long summary i need
What methodology they used , what is the purpose of this paper and
some conclusions and contributes of this paper. I need this for my
Finishing Project so i need this ASAP please ( IN 1-2-3 HOURS
PLEASE !!!)
Budgetary Policy and Economic Growth Errol D'Souza The share of capital expenditures in government expenditures has been slipping and the tax reforms have not yet improved the income...
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