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_15. The class least reactive towards acyl substitution is a. carboxylates b. esters c. acid anhydrides...
The reactivity sequence of carboxylic acid derivatives (acyl halides, anhydrides, acids, esters, amides) changes with t...
The reactivity sequence of carboxylic acid derivatives (acyl halides, anhydrides, acids, esters, amides) changes with the substituent. Acyl chlorides are most reactive, amides are least reactive. 1) Explain in detail why the reactivity changes in that sequence, 2) Where do carboxylates fit in that sequence and why? How does that impact on the way carboxylic acid reactions need to run? 3) Where do thioesters, RC(-O)SMe and acyl phosphates, RC(-O)OPO2OR fit in that sequence. Explain your decision
The reactivity sequence of...
Which of the following conditions will drive the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification towards ester formation?...
Which of the following conditions will drive the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification towards ester formation? addition of water removal of water as it is formed addition of an inorganic acid as a catalyst addition of alcohol both B and D Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on: carboxylic acids carboxylates alcohols acid chlorides acid anhydrides
Which of the following statements is NOT true about acid anhydrides? A. Acid anhydrides are more...
Which of the following statements is NOT true about acid anhydrides? A. Acid anhydrides are more reactive than esters but less reactive than acyl chlorides. B. An acid anhydride reacts with water to form an ester product. C. Acid anhydrides eliminate a carboxylate ion as a leaving group. D. An acid anhydride is considered to have a better leaving group (i.e. weaker base) than the leaving groups of esters, carboxylic acids, and amides. A B C D
Answer the following questions with only one answer a. Carboxylic acid derivatives cannot be hydrolyzed to...
Answer the following questions with only one answer a. Carboxylic acid derivatives cannot be hydrolyzed to produce carboxylic acids b. Lithium aluminum (tri-butoxy)hydride will convert acid chlorides to ketones c. Amides have more resonance stability than esters d. Nitriles are less basic than primary amines e. Grignard reagents contain polar covalent carbon-magnesium bonds f. Anhydrides are more reactive than esters in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions g. Acid chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions h. Nitriles have an sp hybridized Nitrogen...
(7 points) Explain why esters are more reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution compared to amides. Your...
(7 points) Explain why esters are more reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution compared to amides. Your answer should be clear and concise. Writing more than necessary only increases the odds of writing an incorrect statement, which could result in points off. nucleophilic acyl substitution Nu R X R Nu - - - - - - - - - - O RO R NO Ester Amide
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution is a major reaction for acids and acid derivatives. This...
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution is a major reaction for acids and acid derivatives. This is the reaction that converts one derivative into another. The substitution can occur in basic or acidic condition, depending on a derivative. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution in Basic Conditions-general mechanism NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK LOSS OF A LEAVING GROUP Nue Nuc Nuc Note: in cases when the nucleophile is neutral (H20, ROH,RNHzl, the mechanism includes one more step: deprotonation of an already attached Nuc: group by another...
Spid deri 7. What is the order of DECREASING reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution for these...
Spid deri 7. What is the order of DECREASING reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution for these carboxylic acid derivatives (most reactive first)? 9. Using your knowledge of organic chemistry, what is the order from most reactive to least reactive of these esters toward a nucleophile? och la NHCH I NHCH 1 2 (a) II, IV, III, I (b) I, II, III, IV (a) 1 > 2 > 3 (b) 3 >1 > 2 (c) 2 > 3 > 1 >2...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions?...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
4. Rank these carboxylic acid derivatives in order of least reactive to most reactive towards nucleophilic...
4. Rank these carboxylic acid derivatives in order of least reactive to most reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. (4 points) i لیل OMe NH2 1 2 3 Least Most
Draw the organic products of the following below reactions Please answer the following questions - 11...
Draw the organic products of the following below
reactions
Please answer the following questions - 11 &12
Slide 10
14. Draw the organic product of the following reactions. NaOH OH SOCl2 OH 800°C OH 11. Why do aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition undergo nucleophilic substitution? and carboxylic acid derivatives lain the reactivity trend shown in Slide 10 (acid chlorides>anhydridessestersoamides). Relative Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Substitution in Synthesis Nucleophiles react more readily with unhindered carbonyl groups More electrophilic carbonyl...
The reactivity sequence of carboxylic acid derivatives (acyl halides, anhydrides, acids, esters, amides) changes with the substituent. Acyl chlorides are most reactive, amides are least reactive. 1) Explain in detail why the reactivity changes in that sequence, 2) Where do carboxylates fit in that sequence and why? How does that impact on the way carboxylic acid reactions need to run? 3) Where do thioesters, RC(-O)SMe and acyl phosphates, RC(-O)OPO2OR fit in that sequence. Explain your decision
The reactivity sequence of...
Which of the following conditions will drive the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification towards ester formation? addition of water removal of water as it is formed addition of an inorganic acid as a catalyst addition of alcohol both B and D Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on: carboxylic acids carboxylates alcohols acid chlorides acid anhydrides
Answer the following questions with only one answer a. Carboxylic acid derivatives cannot be hydrolyzed to produce carboxylic acids b. Lithium aluminum (tri-butoxy)hydride will convert acid chlorides to ketones c. Amides have more resonance stability than esters d. Nitriles are less basic than primary amines e. Grignard reagents contain polar covalent carbon-magnesium bonds f. Anhydrides are more reactive than esters in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions g. Acid chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions h. Nitriles have an sp hybridized Nitrogen...
(7 points) Explain why esters are more reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution compared to amides. Your answer should be clear and concise. Writing more than necessary only increases the odds of writing an incorrect statement, which could result in points off. nucleophilic acyl substitution Nu R X R Nu - - - - - - - - - - O RO R NO Ester Amide
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution is a major reaction for acids and acid derivatives. This is the reaction that converts one derivative into another. The substitution can occur in basic or acidic condition, depending on a derivative. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution in Basic Conditions-general mechanism NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK LOSS OF A LEAVING GROUP Nue Nuc Nuc Note: in cases when the nucleophile is neutral (H20, ROH,RNHzl, the mechanism includes one more step: deprotonation of an already attached Nuc: group by another...
Spid deri 7. What is the order of DECREASING reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution for these carboxylic acid derivatives (most reactive first)? 9. Using your knowledge of organic chemistry, what is the order from most reactive to least reactive of these esters toward a nucleophile? och la NHCH I NHCH 1 2 (a) II, IV, III, I (b) I, II, III, IV (a) 1 > 2 > 3 (b) 3 >1 > 2 (c) 2 > 3 > 1 >2...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
4. Rank these carboxylic acid derivatives in order of least reactive to most reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. (4 points) i لیل OMe NH2 1 2 3 Least Most
Draw the organic products of the following below
reactions
Please answer the following questions - 11 &12
Slide 10
14. Draw the organic product of the following reactions. NaOH OH SOCl2 OH 800°C OH 11. Why do aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition undergo nucleophilic substitution? and carboxylic acid derivatives lain the reactivity trend shown in Slide 10 (acid chlorides>anhydridessestersoamides). Relative Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Substitution in Synthesis Nucleophiles react more readily with unhindered carbonyl groups More electrophilic carbonyl...
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