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Draw the organic products of the following below
reactions
Please answer the following questions - 11...
Answer the following questions with only one answer a. Carboxylic acid derivatives cannot be hydrolyzed to...
Answer the following questions with only one answer a. Carboxylic acid derivatives cannot be hydrolyzed to produce carboxylic acids b. Lithium aluminum (tri-butoxy)hydride will convert acid chlorides to ketones c. Amides have more resonance stability than esters d. Nitriles are less basic than primary amines e. Grignard reagents contain polar covalent carbon-magnesium bonds f. Anhydrides are more reactive than esters in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions g. Acid chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions h. Nitriles have an sp hybridized Nitrogen...
Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while acyl chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? Once...
Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while acyl chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, the tetrahedral intermediate is too sterically hindered to eliminate one of the attached groups. Because an Sw2 substitution can best take place on the sphybridized carborwyl carbon of the acyl halide. Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, neither H" nor Rºcan function as a leaving group. so a substitution cannot take place. The carbonyl carbon of the...
Which of the following is cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic anhydride? Which of the following statemen...
Which of the following is cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic anhydride? Which of the following statements is true? A. Ester formation reactions are more violent and less easily controlled when anhydrides are uscd in place of acid chlorides. B. An acid chloride is most reactive of the common carboxylic acid derivatives because the chlorine atom causes a destabilizing inductive effect upon the carbon atom of the carbonyl group. C. Amides are more reactive than esters towards nucleophilic attack because nitrogen is less electronegative than...
Spid deri 7. What is the order of DECREASING reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution for these...
Spid deri 7. What is the order of DECREASING reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution for these carboxylic acid derivatives (most reactive first)? 9. Using your knowledge of organic chemistry, what is the order from most reactive to least reactive of these esters toward a nucleophile? och la NHCH I NHCH 1 2 (a) II, IV, III, I (b) I, II, III, IV (a) 1 > 2 > 3 (b) 3 >1 > 2 (c) 2 > 3 > 1 >2...
Whicts b. B ?.? d. D e. All of these exeept C 14. Which of the...
Whicts b. B ?.? d. D e. All of these exeept C 14. Which of the following does not represent a similarity between nitriles and carboxylic ac a. contain 3 carbon bonds to an electronegative element b. e. d. e. all of these are characteristic of both nitriles and carboxylic acids. contain two st bonds. act as electrophiles undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions 15. Which of the following is the correct assignment of the classes of the following compounds? CH3 a....
When an aldehyde or ketone undergo a nucleophilic attack, the reaction follows a nucleophilic addition mechanism....
When an aldehyde or ketone undergo a nucleophilic attack, the reaction follows a nucleophilic addition mechanism. Conversely, carboxylic acids and their derivatives are known to undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution. Even though all of these functional groups are defined by the carbonyl group, they react very differently. In 1-3 sentences, explain why an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid derivative follow different mechanistic pathways in the presence of a nucleophilic species.
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions?...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
QUESTION 43 less reactive)? Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing reactivity in...
QUESTION 43 less reactive)? Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing reactivity in hydrolysis reactions (more reactive a acid chlorides > anhydrides >amides b. anhydrides > acid chlorides >amides camides > acid chlorides > anhydrides d. anhydrides >amides > acid chlorides QUESTION 44 Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing leaving group ability in nucleophilic acyl substitutions (better leaving group > worse leaving group)? a. NH2"> CH30">CH b.CP>CH:0">NH2 c.c"> N12"> CH30" d. CH30">Cr">NH12" QUESTION...
20.14 ULUS because they result in the transfer of an wety np. from one heterontom to...
20.14
ULUS because they result in the transfer of an wety np. from one heterontom to another is prepared by the acetylation of morphine, an analyesic compound Isolated from the opium poppy. Both OH groups of morphine are readily acetylated with ceris whydride to form the diester present in heroin. HO OT o HF HOW Problem 20.14 morphine heroin minyarides react like acid chlorides with the nucleophiles described in Chapter 17. draw the products formed when each of the following...
Which of the following conditions will drive the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification towards ester formation?...
Which of the following conditions will drive the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification towards ester formation? addition of water removal of water as it is formed addition of an inorganic acid as a catalyst addition of alcohol both B and D Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on: carboxylic acids carboxylates alcohols acid chlorides acid anhydrides
Answer the following questions with only one answer a. Carboxylic acid derivatives cannot be hydrolyzed to produce carboxylic acids b. Lithium aluminum (tri-butoxy)hydride will convert acid chlorides to ketones c. Amides have more resonance stability than esters d. Nitriles are less basic than primary amines e. Grignard reagents contain polar covalent carbon-magnesium bonds f. Anhydrides are more reactive than esters in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions g. Acid chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions h. Nitriles have an sp hybridized Nitrogen...
Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while acyl chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, the tetrahedral intermediate is too sterically hindered to eliminate one of the attached groups. Because an Sw2 substitution can best take place on the sphybridized carborwyl carbon of the acyl halide. Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, neither H" nor Rºcan function as a leaving group. so a substitution cannot take place. The carbonyl carbon of the...
Which of the following is cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic anhydride? Which of the following statements is true? A. Ester formation reactions are more violent and less easily controlled when anhydrides are uscd in place of acid chlorides. B. An acid chloride is most reactive of the common carboxylic acid derivatives because the chlorine atom causes a destabilizing inductive effect upon the carbon atom of the carbonyl group. C. Amides are more reactive than esters towards nucleophilic attack because nitrogen is less electronegative than...
Spid deri 7. What is the order of DECREASING reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution for these carboxylic acid derivatives (most reactive first)? 9. Using your knowledge of organic chemistry, what is the order from most reactive to least reactive of these esters toward a nucleophile? och la NHCH I NHCH 1 2 (a) II, IV, III, I (b) I, II, III, IV (a) 1 > 2 > 3 (b) 3 >1 > 2 (c) 2 > 3 > 1 >2...
Whicts b. B ?.? d. D e. All of these exeept C 14. Which of the following does not represent a similarity between nitriles and carboxylic ac a. contain 3 carbon bonds to an electronegative element b. e. d. e. all of these are characteristic of both nitriles and carboxylic acids. contain two st bonds. act as electrophiles undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions 15. Which of the following is the correct assignment of the classes of the following compounds? CH3 a....
When an aldehyde or ketone undergo a nucleophilic attack, the reaction follows a nucleophilic addition mechanism. Conversely, carboxylic acids and their derivatives are known to undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution. Even though all of these functional groups are defined by the carbonyl group, they react very differently. In 1-3 sentences, explain why an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid derivative follow different mechanistic pathways in the presence of a nucleophilic species.
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
QUESTION 43 less reactive)? Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing reactivity in hydrolysis reactions (more reactive a acid chlorides > anhydrides >amides b. anhydrides > acid chlorides >amides camides > acid chlorides > anhydrides d. anhydrides >amides > acid chlorides QUESTION 44 Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing leaving group ability in nucleophilic acyl substitutions (better leaving group > worse leaving group)? a. NH2"> CH30">CH b.CP>CH:0">NH2 c.c"> N12"> CH30" d. CH30">Cr">NH12" QUESTION...
20.14
ULUS because they result in the transfer of an wety np. from one heterontom to another is prepared by the acetylation of morphine, an analyesic compound Isolated from the opium poppy. Both OH groups of morphine are readily acetylated with ceris whydride to form the diester present in heroin. HO OT o HF HOW Problem 20.14 morphine heroin minyarides react like acid chlorides with the nucleophiles described in Chapter 17. draw the products formed when each of the following...
Which of the following conditions will drive the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification towards ester formation? addition of water removal of water as it is formed addition of an inorganic acid as a catalyst addition of alcohol both B and D Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on: carboxylic acids carboxylates alcohols acid chlorides acid anhydrides
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