Question

1. In mycorrhizal mutualisms between plants roots and fungi, A) the plant supplies water to the fungus and the fungus supplies essential amino acids to the plant B) the fungus infects the plant roots, stimulating plant growth through myc factors that act as growth hormones in the plant C) the plant protects the fungus from predation and the fungus supplies carbohydrates to the plant D) the plant supplies carbohydrates to the fungus and the fungus supplies phosphorus and nitrogen to the plant

2. What is ATP NOT used for A) transportation B) cellular movement C) biosynthesis D) proton motive force

Answer 1

1. D

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic Association between roots of higher plants and fungus. It is an obligate relationship between certain plants and fungus because otherwise plants and fungus won't be able to survive.

Fungus get shelter and carbohydrates from the plant. Plants in return get a number of benefits like absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and increase plant growth, increase in number of fruits and flowers etc.

First option is incorrect because fungus do not provide amino acids to plant.

Second option is incorrect because myc factors are not involved in mycorrhiza. Instead they are proto-oncogenes in humans.

Third option is incorrect because plant provides carbohydrates to fungus, not fungus provides carbohydrates to plants.

2. D

Proton motive force is generated during electron transport chain when electrons are passed from one electron carrier to the other. Protons are also pumped from mitochondrial Matrix to intermembrane space. The energy present in this Proton gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis.

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