a) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of a hospital-based case-control study compared with a population-based...
a) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of a hospital-based case-control study compared with a population-based case-control study?
b) What is a ‘point-source’ outbreak, and how does it differ from a ‘person-to-person’ outbreak?
c) Explain why it is important to use a structured questionnaire to obtain information from cases and controls in a case-control study?
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a) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of a
hospital-based case-control study compared with a population-based...
In a case-control study, selection bias can occur when ndividuals in the eligible population have the same probability of being included in the study. Controls are selected from the population which...
In a case-control study, selection bias can occur when ndividuals in the eligible population have the same probability of being included in the study. Controls are selected from the population which gave rise to the cases. Sampling fractions of cases differs from that of controls, but is independent of exposure status Sampling fractions among cases or controls differ according to exposure status.
In a case-control study, selection bias can occur when ndividuals in the eligible population have the same probability...
In a case control study published in 2013 risk factors for stroke in a population in...
In a case control study published in 2013 risk factors for stroke in a population in rural Tanzania were assessed. Of particular interest was HIV status. A total of 200 stroke cases from 2 districts were identified at hospitals and 398 controls, randomly selected from the background census population, frequency matched for age (+/- 3 years) and sex. A total of 26 cases were HIV positive compared to 16 controls. Q1 Complete the “2 by 2” table (including headers) below...
In this hospital-based case-control study exploring the relationship between acute myocardial infarction and coffee consumption, the...
In this hospital-based case-control study exploring the relationship between acute myocardial infarction and coffee consumption, the study investigators enrolled 150 people with MI and 150 healthy controls. The investigators used a structured questionaire to ask participatants about their coffee drinking habits over the past 5 years. Using the following table, what is the OR? Round to 2 decimals. Disease Total Exposure 150 Coffee 90 60 |60 |90 |No coffee |150 150150 Total 300
Read the following research study and answer the following questions: A case control study was conducted...
Read the following research study and answer the following questions: A case control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between direct sun exposure and skin cancer. 150 Cases and 100 controls were recruited from Al Wehda hospital. A data collecting method was distributed among both controls and cases. Analysis of data revealed that 70 of cases were exposed to active smoking while only 40 of controls were exposed. Construct a 2 by 2 table to demonstrate the two dichotomous...
Read the following research study and answer the following questions: A case control study was conducted...
Read the following research study and answer the following questions: A case control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between direct sun exposure and skin cancer. 150 Cases and 100 controls were recruited from Al Wehda hospital. A data collecting method was distributed among both controls and cases. Analysis of data revealed that 70 of cases were exposed to active smoking while only 40 of controls were exposed. Construct a 2 by 2 table to demonstrate the two dichotomous...
A case-control study was designed to see if body piercing by unlicensed merchants was associated with...
A case-control study was designed to see if body piercing by unlicensed merchants was associated with an increased risk of hepatitis B compared to those receiving piercing from licensed merchants. Cases with clinically diagnosed hepatitis B were pair matched to controls without hepatitis B by age, sex, and number of previous body piercings. The results of the study appear in the table below. Based on the information, calculate the matched odds ratio, Controls Exposed Unexposed Cases 96 23 Exposed 87...
. In a hypothetical case-control study of 180 cases of heart disease and 300 unmatched controls,...
. In a hypothetical case-control study of 180 cases of heart disease and 300 unmatched controls, the following 2x2 table was determined for the association of sedentary lifestyle with heart disease: Cases Controls Sedentary lifestyle 135 150 Not sedentary lifestyle 45 150 180 300 (a) Compute the odds ratio for sedentary lifestyle and heart disease. (b) There is concern that sex may be a confounder in the relationship between sedentary lifestyle and heart disease. What three conditions must...
If you are conducting a case control study and you select your cases based on existing (prevalent) cases of disease inst...
If you are conducting a case control study and you select your cases based on existing (prevalent) cases of disease instead of incident (newly diagnosed) cases, how is this likely to influence your results? a)cases are more likely to have longer survival times b) controls will have longer survival times c) results will be biased away from the null hypothesis
A case-control study examining the influence of sexual behaviour on Hepatitis B was conducted in a...
A case-control study examining the influence of sexual behaviour on Hepatitis B was conducted in a hospital between 2005 and 2008. The study recruited 229 Cases with Hepatitis B and 229 age- and sex-matched Controls. Both the Cases and Controls completed a questionnaire that inquired about the number of sexual partners they had in the past 2 years. Their responses were used to create the following exposure groups: 0 sexual partners (N=87), 1 sexual partner (N=257), and 2 or more...
Suppose a case-control study asked 238 lung cancer patients and 428 controls (matched to the cases...
Suppose a case-control study asked 238 lung cancer patients and 428 controls (matched to the cases by age and sex) whether they had kept a pet bird during adulthood. Of the 238 lung cancer cases, 99 said yes. Of the 428 controls, 102 said yes. (a) Construct a contingency table for the data. Lung Cancer No Lung Cancer Total Bird No Bird Total (b) Compute the risk (as a %) of lung cancer for bird and non-bird owners for this...
In a case-control study, selection bias can occur when ndividuals in the eligible population have the same probability of being included in the study. Controls are selected from the population which gave rise to the cases. Sampling fractions of cases differs from that of controls, but is independent of exposure status Sampling fractions among cases or controls differ according to exposure status.
In a case-control study, selection bias can occur when ndividuals in the eligible population have the same probability...
In this hospital-based case-control study exploring the relationship between acute myocardial infarction and coffee consumption, the study investigators enrolled 150 people with MI and 150 healthy controls. The investigators used a structured questionaire to ask participatants about their coffee drinking habits over the past 5 years. Using the following table, what is the OR? Round to 2 decimals. Disease Total Exposure 150 Coffee 90 60 |60 |90 |No coffee |150 150150 Total 300
Read the following research study and answer the following questions: A case control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between direct sun exposure and skin cancer. 150 Cases and 100 controls were recruited from Al Wehda hospital. A data collecting method was distributed among both controls and cases. Analysis of data revealed that 70 of cases were exposed to active smoking while only 40 of controls were exposed. Construct a 2 by 2 table to demonstrate the two dichotomous...
Read the following research study and answer the following questions: A case control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between direct sun exposure and skin cancer. 150 Cases and 100 controls were recruited from Al Wehda hospital. A data collecting method was distributed among both controls and cases. Analysis of data revealed that 70 of cases were exposed to active smoking while only 40 of controls were exposed. Construct a 2 by 2 table to demonstrate the two dichotomous...
A case-control study was designed to see if body piercing by unlicensed merchants was associated with an increased risk of hepatitis B compared to those receiving piercing from licensed merchants. Cases with clinically diagnosed hepatitis B were pair matched to controls without hepatitis B by age, sex, and number of previous body piercings. The results of the study appear in the table below. Based on the information, calculate the matched odds ratio, Controls Exposed Unexposed Cases 96 23 Exposed 87...
Suppose a case-control study asked 238 lung cancer patients and 428 controls (matched to the cases by age and sex) whether they had kept a pet bird during adulthood. Of the 238 lung cancer cases, 99 said yes. Of the 428 controls, 102 said yes. (a) Construct a contingency table for the data. Lung Cancer No Lung Cancer Total Bird No Bird Total (b) Compute the risk (as a %) of lung cancer for bird and non-bird owners for this...
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