Question

What will happen when the condensate reaches the thermometer bulb? Why does that happen? (in distillation)

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Answer 1

Heat is slowly applied to the distillation flask. The amount of heat to apply is determined by the rate of distillation. The liquid should gently bubble and vaporize. As vapor rises from the liquid, it raises the temperature of the apparatus. The vapor will fill the distillation flask and most of the distillation head. The thermometer bulb should be completely surrounded by the vapor. If vapor creeps past the thermometer bulb without contacting it, the measured boiling point will be low. The vapor condenses and drips into the receiving flask via the condenser tube. Typically,
the liquid should drip into the receiving flask at a rate of about 15-20 drops per minute. If the rate of distillation is too rapid, the distillation flask must be removed from the sand bath. With too rapid a rate, the measured boiling point is likely to be inaccurate and the purity of the distilled liquid will be decreased. If the liquid being collected has a low boiling point (<40 oC), the receiving flask should be cooled in an ice-water bath.