Question

the first is a bromine test

Nalle Uilesu. DIUI Les Reagents used: Observation when test is positive: Positive for: Notes: Chemical reaction: Reference: Name of test: Permanganate test Reagents used: Observation when test is positive: Positive for: Notes: Chemical reaction: Reference: Name of test: Jones Oxidation test Reagents used: Observation when test is positive: Positive for: Notes: Chemical reaction: Reference: Name of test: Bromine test Reagents used: Observation when test is positive: Positive for: Notes: Chemical reaction: Reference: Name of test: Lucas test Reagents used: Observation when test is positive: Positive for: Notes: Chemical reaction: Reference:

Answer 1

bromine test:
REAGENT USED: bromine water
OBSERVATION WHEN TEST IS POSITIVE: bromine water is dark red-brown liquid when test is positive it becomes colorless.
POSITIVE FOR: alkenes , test for unsaturation
NOTES: in a tt, disslve 2 drops of cyclohexene in 10 drops of dichloromethene. add a solution of bromine in dicholoromethane ,dropwise. for comparision , repeat the test with saturated alkanes in place of alkenes.
NOTE: bromine is highly toxic and can cause severe skin burns. and do not breath the vapour.
CHEMICAL REACTION: C2H4 + Br2---------------- C2H4Br2
REFERENCE: clyden

permanganate test:

REAGENT USED: KMnO4
OBSERVATION WHEN TEST IS POSITIVE: COLOR CHANGE FROM PURPLE(MnO4-) TO BROWN (Mno2)
POSITIVE FOR: it is also the test for unsaturation i.e for alkenes
NOTES:it is a oxidising agent. it oxidises carbon carbon double bond to give alcohols (diols) i.e glycols
CHEMICAL REACTION: C2H4 + KMnO4 +H2O----------------------- C2O2H6 + MNO4
REFERENCE: clyden

jones oxidation test :
REAGENT USED: cromium trioxide
OBSERVATION WHEN TEST IS POSITIVE: a positive test is confirmed by the production of green or blue color suspention
POSITIVE FOR: primary alcohols and secondary alcohols
NOTE: it converts primary alcohols to carboxilic acid, aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketons
CHEMICAL REACTION: R--OH + CrO3+ aq H2SO4------------------- RCOOH

R2---CH----OH + CrO3 + aq H2SO4----------------- R2C=O
REFERENCE: clyden
lucas test :
REAGENT USED: anhydrous zinc chloride in conc. HCl
OBSERVATION WHEN TEST IS POSITIVE: with tert. alcohols lucas reagent gives immediate turbidity.
with sec. alcohols produces turbidity in 5-10 mins
with primary alcohols it dosnt produce turbidity at room temp but it produces turbidity only on heating
POSITIVE FOR: primery, secondary , tertiary alcohols
NOTE: this a test to differentiate the primary , secondary , tert, alcohols.
CHEMICAL REACTION: R----OH + ZnCl2 + HCl------------------ no rnx at room temp.

R2----CH---OH + ZnCl2 + HCl--------------- R2----CHCl

R3-----C-----OH + ZnCl2 + HCl--------------- R3-----C----Cl
REFERENCE: clyden