Two cladograms (A and B) are presented which show the possible relationship of the Cyclostomata and the Gnathostomata.
Please, present the appropriate arguments for these two phylogenetic arrangements showing the relationships to the Cephalaspidomorphi and the Pteraspidomorphi.
Homework Answers
Cyclostomes and Gnathostomes both are Chordates and belong to a sub-phylum Vertebrata. So both groups share a common ancestor. Petromyzonida and Myxinoidea both are cyclostomes. Cyclostomes are jaw less fish whose mouth is circular. Petromyzonida and Myxinoidea both share one common ancestor. Where as the Gnathostomata evolved in to other groups like Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes.
Petromyzonida and Myxinoidea are more closely related than the Gnathostomata. So the cladogram shown in A is the right one.
Petromyzonida and Myxinoidea are monophyletic having originated from a common ancestor.
Pterapsidomorpi and cephalasidomorphiare extict Agnathans. Cephalapsidomorphi includes single nostril and Pteropsidomorphi includes two nostrils.
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