Question

1. Formation of the strain of S. pneumoniae that was antibiotic resistant and resistant to the host immune response was the result of acquisition of a capsule forming gene by transformation.
   1. What membrane bound structure formed that increased bacterial binding to DNA by 1000X and aided in the entry of the DNA to the cell?
   2. During what part of the growth curve (lag, exponential, stationary, death) would the bacteria typically form this structure?
   3. What type of signal bound the sensor kinase?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes and cytoplasmic membrane .

During this period, called the lag phase, the cells are metabolically active and increase only in cell size. The lag phase is the log phase, in which population grows in a logarithmic fashion. As the population grows, the bacteria consume available nutrients and produce waste products.

membrane-bound sensor kinase and a DNA-binding response regulator. In response to specific stimuli, the sensor kinase is phosphorylated at a conserved histidine residue and then the phosphoryl group is transferred to the conserved aspartate on the response regulator.So, Two-component systems typically consist of a membrane-bound histidine kinase that senses a specific environmental stimulus