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An individual carries a mutation in their AID genes. indicate what processes are defective in this...

An individual carries a mutation in their AID genes. indicate what processes are defective in this individual (what are the consequences) and indicate the tissue location in which these processes normally occur.

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Answer #1

Activation induced cytidine deaminase gene (AID) catalyses the deamination of a cytosine residue into a uracil residue. This introduces a mutation in the DNA by converting a GC base pair into an AT base pair. These mutations are necessary for initiating somatic hypermutation and class switching in immunoglobulin genes to generate antibody diversity.

Mutations in this gene can lead to defect in class switching and somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes thereby causing hyper-IgM syndrome type 2. This individual will have elevated levels of serum IgM levels with reduced levels of other antibody classes (IgG, IgA, IgE) and are more susceptible to infections. Hence, this individual will have reduced humoral immunity.

This process occurs in the developing B cells in germinal centers within the lymph nodes.

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