Question

Question 8 1 pts Which of the following might most likely be the cause chronic inflammation? O Long term bacterial infection, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exposure to peanuts for someone who is allergic to peanuts Ingestion of bacterial toxins in food that lead to severe diarrhea A surgical wound infection that is treated with antibiotics and resolves

Answer 1

Long term bacterial infection.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It causes type 4 type inflammatory reaction called chronic inflamation.

This bacteria causes tuberculosis.which is a chronic inflammation and ultimately leads to formation of granulomas.

M. tuberculosis cells are engulfed by macrophages after being identified as foreign, but due to an immuno-escape mechanism peculiar to it, bacteria are able to block the fusion of their enclosing phagosome with lysosomes which would destroy the bacteria. Thereby TB can continue to replicate within macrophages. After several weeks, the immune system somehow ramps up and, on stimulation with IFN-gamma, the macrophages become capable of killing bacteria by forming phagolysosomes and nitric oxide radicals. The hyper-activated macrophages secrete TNF-α which recruits multiple monocytes to the site of infection. These cells differentiate into epithelioid cells which wall off the infected cells, but results in significant inflammation and local damage. At last granuloma formation occurs.

granuloma is the organised collection of macrophages, highly differentiated cells such as multinucleated giant cells, epithelioid cells and Foamy cells, all these cells being surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes..

Signs of chronic inflammation are fatigue, abdominal pain , chest pain, fever , rashes.

Signs of acute inflamation like redness, pain swelling are less seen in chronic inflamation.