Question

Diagram and thoroughly define each of the four phases of a typical bacterial Growth Curve. Explain what is happening to the cells during each phase? Explain how enzymes and metabolism contribute to such growth patterns?

Answer 1

Bacterial Growth Curve Bacteria requieres certain conditions for growth, and these conditions are not the same for all bacteria Jactors such as exygen, pH temperature and light influence bacteücel growth Phouses of bacterial Growth Cyell: Byd phase Lag phase Exponential phase Death hog of No. of Bacteria Stationary Time The bacterial growth cure represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time.

are 1) Lag Phase : - Characterized by cellular activity but no growth. The cells increase in size, but no cell division occur in this phase 3) Exponential (kg) phase : Bacterial cell eritt dividing by binary fision and doubling in number after each genisatios time. Metabolic actively is high as BNA, RNA, cell wall comperents and othei substances neccessary for growth are generated for division. O ' In this phase, antibiotics and disindectants are most effective as these substance typically target bacterial cell wall or psotun šynthestse 3) Stationary phase : Eventually, the population growth expericunced in the log phase begins' to decline as the available nutrints become depleted and waste products starts to accumulate Bacteria cell growth seaches plateau , where the number of diliding cell equal to the number of dying cells. This result in no overall population growth y Spose forming bacteria porduce endospoves and pathogenic bacteria begin to generate substances (violence factors that help them survive

4) Death Phase: As nutrients become less available and waste products increases, the number of dying cells continue to rise. In this phase, the number of living alls decreases exponentially and population growth experience a sharp decline As'dying cells lyse on break open, they spill their content ini the environment making these nutrients cwailable to other bacteria. This help spores producing bacteria to survive long enough for spoke płoduction: Enzymes and Bacterial cell growth Pathogenic bacteva secute toxins and degradative enzymes -lhat facilitate their growth by liberating nutrients frein the enixonment decided enzyme play cutical sole in many mivobe associated processes including pathogenesis, as digétion and uptake of nutrients e9: Pseudomonas aeruginosa during growth on a prótein substrate that kequires erbacelularo digestion by secreted proteases.

4) Death Phase: As nutrients become less available and waste products increases, the number of dying cells continue to rise. In this phase, the number of living alls decreases exponentially and population growth experience a sharp decline As'dying cells lyse on break open, they spill their content ini the environment making these nutrients cwailable to other bacteria. This help spores producing bacteria to survive long enough for spoke płoduction: Enzymes and Bacterial cell growth Pathogenic bacteva secute toxins and degradative enzymes -lhat facilitate their growth by liberating nutrients frein the enixonment decided enzyme play cutical sole in many mivobe associated processes including pathogenesis, as digétion and uptake of nutrients e9: Pseudomonas aeruginosa during growth on a prótein substrate that kequires erbacelularo digestion by secreted proteases.

J. bacterial growth and metabolism. Micobicil metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutunts (eg: carbon) needs to live and reporduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic shategies and species can often bé differentiated from each other based on metabolic characterstics Yes Fixes carbon No Pholo- k 7 Energy Bom Energy Photo from light yes betroboph (autoboph Tes light No I Chemo. Mes Energy hom Energy bom Yes chemo- austrohophy Tnosgundidation No nooy oxidation Theboboph NO Other Hebohroph 1 Other autohoph kg: Glycolysis, Anaerobic nespuation, Fermentation etc.