What evidence exists to support the idea that an ancestor of all present-day living organisms had...
- What evidence exists to support the idea that an ancestor of all present-day living organisms had a simpler genetic code in which the length of a codon was 2 base-pairs rather than 3?
Homework Answers
"Frozen accident hypothesis" states that the standard code might have no special properties. All life forms share a common ancestor with subsequent changes to the code, precluded by the deleterious effects of codon reassignment. Mathematical analysis shows that the standard code potentially could evolve from a random code via a short sequence of codon series reassignment. "Translation error minimisation" hypothesis states that most important pressure in the evolution was selection for minimisation of the effect of the translational misleading.
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What evidence exists to support the idea that an ancestor of
all present-day living organisms had...
5. Suppose we discovered a form of life like our own which utilized 20 amino acids,...
5. Suppose we discovered a form of life like our own which utilized 20 amino acids, but had 6 nitrogeneous bases instead of the 4 our life uses. What would be the minimum length (i.e., number of base-pairs) of a codon which could represent all 20 currently used amino acids? 6. What evidence exists to support the idea that an ancestor of all present-day living organisms had a simpler genetic code in which the length of a codon was 2...
DNA is the molecule used to store the genetic code of most living organisms on earth....
DNA is the molecule used to store the genetic code of most living organisms on earth. Its structure was famously proposed by Watson and Crick who proposed double helix structure published in the journal Nature, April 25, 1953. For this the Nobel Prize was awarded to Watson, Crick & Wilkins in 1962. (a) (i) (ii) Show the chemical structure of the DNA backbone. What is a 1. the backbone, 2. a nucleoside, 3. a nucleotide 4. a nucleic acid? (b)...
1. Which Which group is the comm 2. group is the common ancestor of all the...
1. Which Which group is the comm 2. group is the common ancestor of all the other groups on the chart? stem reptiles Whath What groups became extinct without leaving any descendants? Icthyosaurs, 3. Which groups have survived until the present day? Which groups that have survived until the present day are most closely related? Why? 5. Are crocodiles more closely related to lizards and snakes or are they more closely related to turtles? Which group is least closely related...
I need help please 1. What evidence suggests that life arises relatively easily? (D) A. Tardigrades,...
I need help please 1. What evidence suggests that life arises relatively easily? (D) A. Tardigrades, small animals, can survive exposure to the near-vacuum of space B. Life was present on Earth soon after the end of the heavy bombardment. C. Life is currently present in extreme environments like deep ocean volcanic vents D. All organisms on Earth use DNA as their genetic material. 2. The modern organisms that appear to be most like the earliest life on Earth are...
Chapter 15: 1. What is the significance of the fact that many synonymous codons differ in...
Chapter 15: 1. What is the significance of the fact that many synonymous codons differ in the third nucleotide position? 2. Define the following terms as they apply to the genetic code: a. Reading frame b. Overlapping code C. Nonoverlapping code d. Initiation codon e. Termination codon f. Sense codon 8. Nonsense codon h. Universal code i. Nonuniversal code 3. What role do the initiation factors play in protein synthesis? 4. Compare and contrast the process of protein synthesis in...
1. Which of the following are principles of cell theory? A. All living things are composed...
1. Which of the following are principles of cell theory? A. All living things are composed of one or more cells. B. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms. C. New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division. D. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division. E. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest unit of living organisms, and...
51) Scientists have evidence to support the idea that monocots evolved prior to eudicots. Which statement...
51) Scientists have evidence to support the idea that monocots evolved prior to eudicots. Which statement does not support that monocots were first? A) Monocots are simpler B) Monocot fossils are older C ) fossilized eudicot pollen on fossilized insects C 52) Angiosperms are more numerous than gymnosperms yet angiosperms arose later. What accounts for angiosperm success? A) Nature intended it that way B) Evolution caused flowers to disseminate C) Pollination and internal fertilization are very successful D) Fruits and...
a.) Before individual II-2 had an affected son, this family believed the condition followed a dominant...
a.) Before individual II-2 had an affected
son, this family believed the condition followed a dominant mode of
inheritance. Why does the phenotype of III-1 support a
recessive rather than a dominant mode of inheritance?
b.) Could the mode of inheritance actually be dominant? Explain
using appropriate genetic terms.
c.) In order to better understand the risk of passing this
condition on to additional offspring, individual II-2 sought
genetic counseling which resulted in the drawing of this pedigree.
This action makes...
The statements on the left are scientific assertions. The statements on the right are examples from...
The
statements on the left are scientific assertions. The statements on
the right are examples from the chapter. Drag each scientific
assertion to the example it best supports.
Can you match each example with the science that supports it? The statements on the left are scientific assertions. The statements on the right are examples from the chapter. Drag each scientific assertion to the example it best supports Reset Help Antibiotic resistance is a genetic trait that can be passed on...
1. Many people think that individual organisms can intentionally grow (& pass on to their descendants)...
1. Many people think that individual organisms can intentionally grow (& pass on to their descendants) new traits that will make them better adapted to their environment. This inaccurate idea of evolution was first described by a. Wallace. b. Lamarck. e. Darwin. d. Cuvier. e. Linnaeus. 2. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates biological evolutionary change? a. humans developing dementia in their old age c. increasing proportion of cockroaches resistant to insecticides b. tadpoles turning into a frogs d. spread"...
5. Suppose we discovered a form of life like our own which utilized 20 amino acids, but had 6 nitrogeneous bases instead of the 4 our life uses. What would be the minimum length (i.e., number of base-pairs) of a codon which could represent all 20 currently used amino acids? 6. What evidence exists to support the idea that an ancestor of all present-day living organisms had a simpler genetic code in which the length of a codon was 2...
DNA is the molecule used to store the genetic code of most living organisms on earth. Its structure was famously proposed by Watson and Crick who proposed double helix structure published in the journal Nature, April 25, 1953. For this the Nobel Prize was awarded to Watson, Crick & Wilkins in 1962. (a) (i) (ii) Show the chemical structure of the DNA backbone. What is a 1. the backbone, 2. a nucleoside, 3. a nucleotide 4. a nucleic acid? (b)...
1. Which Which group is the comm 2. group is the common ancestor of all the other groups on the chart? stem reptiles Whath What groups became extinct without leaving any descendants? Icthyosaurs, 3. Which groups have survived until the present day? Which groups that have survived until the present day are most closely related? Why? 5. Are crocodiles more closely related to lizards and snakes or are they more closely related to turtles? Which group is least closely related...
Chapter 15: 1. What is the significance of the fact that many synonymous codons differ in the third nucleotide position? 2. Define the following terms as they apply to the genetic code: a. Reading frame b. Overlapping code C. Nonoverlapping code d. Initiation codon e. Termination codon f. Sense codon 8. Nonsense codon h. Universal code i. Nonuniversal code 3. What role do the initiation factors play in protein synthesis? 4. Compare and contrast the process of protein synthesis in...
1. Which of the following are principles of cell theory? A. All living things are composed of one or more cells. B. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms. C. New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division. D. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division. E. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest unit of living organisms, and...
51) Scientists have evidence to support the idea that monocots evolved prior to eudicots. Which statement does not support that monocots were first? A) Monocots are simpler B) Monocot fossils are older C ) fossilized eudicot pollen on fossilized insects C 52) Angiosperms are more numerous than gymnosperms yet angiosperms arose later. What accounts for angiosperm success? A) Nature intended it that way B) Evolution caused flowers to disseminate C) Pollination and internal fertilization are very successful D) Fruits and...
a.) Before individual II-2 had an affected
son, this family believed the condition followed a dominant mode of
inheritance. Why does the phenotype of III-1 support a
recessive rather than a dominant mode of inheritance?
b.) Could the mode of inheritance actually be dominant? Explain
using appropriate genetic terms.
c.) In order to better understand the risk of passing this
condition on to additional offspring, individual II-2 sought
genetic counseling which resulted in the drawing of this pedigree.
This action makes...
The
statements on the left are scientific assertions. The statements on
the right are examples from the chapter. Drag each scientific
assertion to the example it best supports.
Can you match each example with the science that supports it? The statements on the left are scientific assertions. The statements on the right are examples from the chapter. Drag each scientific assertion to the example it best supports Reset Help Antibiotic resistance is a genetic trait that can be passed on...
1. Many people think that individual organisms can intentionally grow (& pass on to their descendants) new traits that will make them better adapted to their environment. This inaccurate idea of evolution was first described by a. Wallace. b. Lamarck. e. Darwin. d. Cuvier. e. Linnaeus. 2. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates biological evolutionary change? a. humans developing dementia in their old age c. increasing proportion of cockroaches resistant to insecticides b. tadpoles turning into a frogs d. spread"...
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