Question

1. In female rodents, several hormones and neuropeptides influence maternal behavior through actions in the medial preoptic area. These include all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Estrogen

b. Progesterone

c. Prolactin

d. Oxytocin

e. None of the above (i.e., all of these influence maternal behavior through actions in the medial preoptic area)

2. In rats, daughters of low-licking-grooming (low-LG) mothers, compared to daughters of high-LG mothers, show increased…

a. Methylation of the estrogen-receptor gene

b. Expression of oxytocin receptors in the medial preoptic area

c. Expression of estrogen receptors in the medial preoptic area

d. Licking and grooming of their own offspring

e. All of the above

3. Experimental (rather than correlational) studies of human fathers have shown that paternal behavior can be influenced by…

a. Estrogen

b. Testosterone

c. Prolactin

d. Oxytocin

e. All of the above

4. Which of the following is higher in monogamous female voles than in promiscuous female voles?

a. Estrogen concentrations in the blood

b. Testosterone concentrations in the blood

c. Oxytocin expression in the medial preoptic area

d. Oxytocin receptor expression in the reward pathway

e. Vasopressin expression in the lateral septum

5. According to the two-stage model of brain and behavior development, steroid hormones exert long-term effects on the brain during…

a. Perinatal (around the time of birth) development only

b. Puberty only

c. Puberty and adulthood

d. Perinatal development and puberty

e. Perinatal development, puberty, and adulthood

Answer 1

Q .1 .Answer:- b) progesterone .

Reason:- Oxytocin, vasopressin, prolactin release in medial preoptic area induce maternal behaviour in female rodents and estrogen induce maternal behaviour in male rodents . Except progesterone all other three hormone influence on the maternal behaviour in rodents via medial preoptic area.

Q.3. Answer:- b) testosterone

Reason:- In human father's paternal behaviour is influenced by testosterone , increase level of testosterone promote paternal behaviour in humans by conversation of testosterone into oestrogen or estradiol but in birds it inhibit paternal behaviour.

Q.5 Answer:- .c) puberty and adulthood.

Reason:- Steroid shows long term effect in the brain of individuals during puberty and adolescent period of developmental stage.