1. Natural selection is very strongevolutionary force which occurs in living organisms and help in speciation. It helps the organism to adapt better in its environment. It positively selects beneficial traits and negatively select and eliminates harmful traits.
2. Evolution is the process by which one species develops into an other with the course of time because of its changing environment. It is a study which helps us to understand relationship of different individuals.
3. Whenever an organism is able to to adapt better in its environment, then it is called as adaptation. Whenever the external environment of the organism changes, the organism shows a number of morphological and Anatomical, physiological, biochemical changes inside it cell so that it can survive in a better way in the changed environment.
4. Genes are functional segment of DNA. DNA is the genetic material which is present in every cell. Majority of the DNA is non coding in nature. Less than 1% of human DNA is coding which comprises the genes. These genes code for proteins by undergoing transcription and translation. Proteins are the ultimate players of gene expression.
5. Genome is the genetic content of a cell. It includes all the types of DNA present in a Cell. Prokaryotic genome includes plasmid and chromosomal DNA whereas Eukaryotic genome includes mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genome.
6. There are two alleles for most of the genes. If the alleles are same then it is called as homozygous but if they are different than it is called as heterozygous.
7. Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism but phenotype is the external appearance of an organism. Phenotype is easily affected by external environment but genotype is not.
8. Out of the two alleles, one of the allele is dominant Over The Other which is called the recessive allele. The dominant allele is able to express itself even in the heterozygous condition but the recessive allele expresses itself only in homozygous recessive condition.
9. Incomplete dominance of the type of inheritance in which the dominant allele is partially dominant over the recessive allele. Because of this it is not able to express itself completely. Therefore heterozygotes show an intermediate phenotype.
10. Traits which are continuous and can be measured are quantitative traits. Traits which cannot be measured are qualitative traits. For example height of students In a class is quantitative trait but colour of a flower is a qualitative trait.
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