Question

1. Both _ and _ can mount an “oxidative” attack on invaders due to enzymes yielding reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species:

   1. Neutrophils and macrophages

   2. TH and Tc cells

   3. B cells and plasma cells

   4. All of the above

2. Several active complement factors are active in the promotion of inflammation; this group is called:

   2. Anaphylatoxins

   3. Proenzymes

   4. Cytokines

   5. acute response proteins

3. Which of the following are important mediators of the inflammatory response:

   3. C3a

   4. C3b

   5. C5a

   6. C3a and C5a

4. All of the following are roles for the complement receptor, CR1, EXCEPT:

   4. On erythrocytes CR1 functions for immune complex clearance in the liver

   5. Phagocytes use CR1 to detect opsonins bound to antigen

   6. CR1 allows B cells to recognize and engulf antigen. Process and present to TH cells

   7. CR1 acts as an accelerator of activation for the C3 and C5 convertases

5. C1 is able to recognize the “staple: form of antigen bound IgM to initiate:

   5. The classical pathway

   6. The alternative pathway

   7. Lectin pathway

   8. All of the above

Answer 1

1a. Macrophages and Neutrophils.

Oxidative mechanisms utilized by human neutrophils to destroy Escherichia coli.

2 a. Anaphylatoxin.

The anaphylatoxins play a role in a variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases like sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, immune complex diseases, and hypersensitivity diseases like asthma.Anaphylatoxins, or complement peptides, are fragments (C3a, C4a and C5a) that are produced as part of the activation of the complement system.

3 .d C3a and C5a

C3a (Complement) C3a is an anaphylatoxin, a small protein that causes a number of inflammatory responses.

C5a is a powerful inflammatory mediator, and seems to be a key factor in the development of pathology of many inflammatory diseases involving the complement system such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythemotosis, psoriasis.

4. CR1 acts as an accelerator of activation for the C3 and C5 convertases.

CR1 also inactivates the C3 and C5 convertases of the classical pathway. CR1 inhibits the consumption of C3 by C3 convertase EAC142 and enhances the decay of C4b,2a sites.

5.a.The Classical pathway.

When pentameric IgM is bound to antigen on a target surface it assumes the so-called "staple" configuration, in which at least three binding sites for C1q are exposed.