6.
Metabolic pathways are regulated as:
1. Feedback regulation-
2 Allosteric regulation:
3. Substrate concentration and removal of product:
4. Presence in energy state as ATP/AMP
6. Discuss and explain ways that metabolic pathways are regulated. 7. Outline the three phases of...
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic pathway choices leading to and from hub molecules. Describe how Citric Acid Cycle serves as a “hub “ pathway.
6. Explain how reaction coupling can be used to drive unfavorable processes in metabolic pathways. 7. Define the term metabolic flux. 8. List the mechanisms by which pathways are regulated/controlled. 9. Distinguish between kinetic control and thermodynamic control of a reaction. 10. Distinguish between AG, AG”, AG’ and AG°'. 11. Calculate any AG as above for an overall reaction. 12. Review and interpret velocity vs. [S] curves that are hyperbolic vs. sigmoidal.
1. what are three different reactions of gluconeogenesis from glycolysis? 2. what are regulation of metabolic pathways of glycolysis and citric acid cycle? 3. Glycolysis: what kind of molecules will be activators and what kind of molecules will be inhibitors? 4. what are major differences of glucolysis vs glyconeogenesis?
6. Name the stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. Summarize the events of glycolysis. Identify the nutrient being oxidized, the products of glycolysis, and the energy transfer reactions. What is the net amount of ATP made per glucose? Where is the remainder of the energy? Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how 7. 8. this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve
different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic
pathway choices leading to and from hub molecules. Describe how
C.A.C. serves as a “hub “pathway. Use picture as a reference.
Pyruvate Glucose Fatty acids sterols pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl-CoA PEP carboxykinase Glutamine Citrate Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Proline Arginine Oxaloacetate PEP carboxylase Citric acid cycle a-Ketoglutarate Malate Glutamate Aspartate Asparagine Serine Glycine Cysteine malic enzyme Purines Succinyl-CoA Phenylalanine Pyrimidines Pyruvate Tyrosine Tryptophan Porphyrins heme Figure 16-16...
6. Describe the sources of acetyl groups that enter the Citric Acid Cycle. 7. Show and discuss that reaction that involves citrate synthase. List the substrates and product(s), 8. Show and discuss that reaction that involves aconitase. List the substrates and product(s). 9. Show and discuss that reaction that involves isocitrate dehydrogenase. List the substrates and product(s).
I would appreciate it if you may answer all questions, throughyly. Thank you These Probelms are regarding Citric Acid Cycle 5. In the conversion from citrate (which is not chiral) into isocitrate (which is chiral), the carbon from oxaloacetate is always the one oxidized, not the carbon from the acetate (delivered by acetyl-CoA). Explain how this happens. 6. In the third step of the cycle, the alcohol is oxidized into a carbonyl by isocitrate dehydrogenase. How does this step assist...
Soalan 3/ Question 3 a) Kitar asid sitrik bermula dengan kondensasi asetil-KoA bersama oksaloasetat. Jelaskan TIGA (3) sumber-sumber yang mungkin bagi asetil-KoA tersebut. [3 markah] b) Apakah nama enzim yang menghubungkan glikolisis dan kitar asid sitrik? Jelaskan tindakbalas yang dijalankan oleh enzim tersebut. [3 markah] c) Jelaskan secara ringkas bagaimana kitar sitrik asid dikawalselia. Kenalpasti enzim pengawalseliaan utama dan faktor-faktor yang menentukan samada fluks kitaran meningkat atau menurun. [6 markah] a) The citric acid cycle begins with the condensation of...
5. How efficient is the conversion from glucose to ATP? 6. How many ATP molecules are made from one molecule of glucose? 7. In general, what are NAP+ and FAD? 8. Define anaerobic: Aerobic: 9. Summarize the 4 phases (used to be considered 3) of Cellular Respiration: a) Glycolysis b) Prep reaction - c) Citric Acid Cycle - d) ETC-
1. Describe three major ways that the body uses energy AND discuss how an individual may influence one of them. (3 points) 2. Why can’t people speed up their basal metabolic rate (BMR) with exercise or with supplements? (2 points) 3. a)Describe how hunger and appetite differ. (2 points) b)Which of these can be associated with obesity and why? (2 points) 4. How are the self-perceptions of a person with bulimia nervosa different from those of a person with anorexia...