Question

Name and discuss three (3) main challenges/threats to health in the twenty-first century?

Answer 1

**THE 3 MAIN CHALLENGES / THREATS OF 21 CENTURY.-

1. Environmental hazards--> Environmental hazards plays a main role by threatening  the health of living beings,this includes combination of indoor and outdoor air pollution that destroy the lungs and a whole respiratory system causes the 1 million deaths ;globally confirmed by WHO(world health organisation).

• Fossil fuel combustion also plays a main role by causing the death of human beings, fossil fuel combustion rise the atmospheric concentrations of heat trapping gasses, eg- carbon dioxide(CO2) and an increase amount of CO2 results in global warming.
• Other environmental hazards are metals, aluminium and radon etc, that affecting the human health before the 21 century and until now.
• 2. MENTAL DISORDERS AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE------>Human development is also the major cause that leads to threatening of their health in 21 century.

• Non-communicable diseases (Cardiovascular disease, cancer,respiratory illness) are responsible for causing the massive ill health and also leads to the reduction in human development. about 15 million people died from these diseases in 2011,and about 80% people having disabilities from these disease.
• Change in lifestyle ,such as consumption of tobacco and alcohol & unhealthful food,also effects the health of human beings at an extinct level,majorly causes death of an individual.
• Non-communicable disease and mental disorders leads to increases in individual and household poverty and it hinders social and economical development of human beings.

3. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE----->Most of the bacterial strains developed resistance to antibiotics ,which means those antibiotics that resist the strain previously ,now its not effective to  that specific bacteria.

• But somehow antibiotics are improving and still in use to prevent the bacterial affect ,but the major problem with antibiotics is that-these are very expensive for the poor country people as they can't afford it and lack of treatment leads to the death of an individuals.
• Globally ,several antibiotics re used inn agriculture-antibiotics mixes low dose to animal feed for growth promotion and disease prevention,that prevents disease in first place before it affects human health.