Question

1. Describe how enzymes speed up reactions. Use your vocabulary! Be sure to include information about the types of reactions that enzymes speed up. (4 points)

2. Describe the structure of cellulose (not linear cellulose strands). Be sure to include information about its constituent parts and any bonds that are present. (4 points)

Answer 1

Question

1.

Enzymes are the biological catalyst that increase the rate of biological reaction. Enzymes are proteins in nature. The enzymes speed up the biological reaction by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction by binding to the substrate and holding it such a way that it decrease the activation energy .

Activation energy (EA) without enzyme Activation energy (EA) with enzyme Free energy (G) Energy of reactants Change in free energy (AG) Energy of products -Progress of reaction

Figure: Working of enzyme to decrease the activation energy of the reaction.

2.  

The cellulose is a polymer that is build of glucose monomer. Therefore, cellulose is a polysacchride in chemical nature. The glucose monomer units are link by beta (1->4)  glycosidic bonds between glucose molecule. This structure also give cellulose to form hydrogen bond togeather to form fibrils like structure. The glycosidic bonds involve removel of water molecule and therefore it is a dehydration reaction.

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Figure: Cellulose strands