The innate immune system responds in a rapid, initially
nonspecific manner to infection in the urinary tract. There are
many molecules and cells involved in this response. These include:
antimicrobial peptides, toll-like receptors,
chemokines, cytokines, and neutrophils. The most common cause of
urinary tract infections (UTIs) are uropathogenic Escherichia coli
(UPEC). The innate immune system responds to the presence of
flagella, fimbriae, and the lipopolysaccharide outer membrane of
these bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides are used to lyse the
bacteria and also prevent the bacteria from binding to epithelial
cells in the urinary tract. The toll-like receptors sense the
presence of the bacteria and signal for the production of molecules
that cause immune and inflammation responses.
The various chemokines and cytokines such as CXCL8, CCL2,
interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A), and granulocyte colony
stimulating factor (G-CSF), are used for much of the signaling in
innate immunity. In addition, neutrophils play a major role in
rapid removal of invading bacteria. The rapid innate immune
response is designed to
remove most of the bacteria within 24 hours in an uncomplicated
UTI.
Describe the role of the innate immune response in protecting against urinary tract infections (UTI)
response to these questions for bacteria that causing urinary tract describe how an immunological memory is created, how the immune system's diversity is achieved and applied to the specificity of the immune system • discuss how immunological memory is created against bacteria and whether / how the bacteria should protect themselves against this
21. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are treated with drugs that are specifically effective against ________. burning, urgency and pain viruses gram-negative bacteria gram-positive bacteria 22. Diuretic drugs are commonly used to treat ________. hypertension urinary tract infection bladder spasm kidney stones 23. The drugs ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) and furosemide (Lasix) are examples of which category of diuretic drugs? loop diuretic drugs carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic drugs potassium-sparing diuretic drugs potassium chloride drugs 24. All of the following types of drugs...
Why should a nurse consider that a urinary tract infection (UTI) is complicated in a man?
Case study level 2 – Urinary tract infection (UTI) Learning outcomes Level 2 case study: You will be able to: interpret relevant lab and clinical data identify monitoring and referral criteria explain treatment choices describe goals of therapy, including monitoring and the role of the pharmacist/clinician describe issues – counselling points, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, complementary/alternative therapies and lifestyle advice. Scenario A 27-year-old woman presents a prescription for nitrofurantoin tablets 50 mg q.d.s. for 3 days and asks to...
1. Review the terms used to describe and classify urinary tract disorders 2. Discuss UTI diagnosis, management, nursing care, and prevention. 3. Describe the external defects of the genitourinary tract, including phimosis, hydrocele, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC), and the disorders of sex development. 4. Differentiate among the most common conditions of pituitary dysfunction in terms of causes, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic management. 5. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is critical in the cause of diabetes insipidus and SIADH. Review how the...
help!! Immune system is our body defense system against foreign pathogens. Describe how innate and adaptive immunity respond and defend against a novel virus, such as SARS-CoV-2
Discuss nursing measures to reduce risk for urinary tract infections
Describe the innate immune response of Rift Valley Fever. How did the pathogen try to fight (both typical and specific to this pathogen)? And what did the pathogen do to save itself?
Why does the primary adaptive immune response take longer to manifest than the innate immune response? (in details please)
What is a component of the innate immune system that plays an important role in the first line of defense? What is a a component of the adaptive immune system that plays an important role in the third line of defense?