Question

9. Which of the following is not common to all pbyla of non-vascular plants? A. Development of seeds B. Addition of lignin to cell walls C. Dominance of the diploid generation D. Sporophyte E. Xylem and phloem B. True/False (3 points each) 1) The fungi Lycoperdon belongs to the phylum zygomycetes. 2) The phylum Ascomycetes is composed of unicellular and multicellular fungi which are ubiquitous. 3) Sexual reproduction of liverworts involves structures called gemma cups. 4) All seed plants and a few seedless vascular plants are homosporous 5) Vascular plants do not have sporophylls. 6) Seedless watermelon belongs to Angiosperms 6) Heterospory is the rule among seedless plants 7) Angiosperm megasporangia are surrounded by four integuments 8) Zygosporangia are resistant to freering and drying and are metabolically inactive. 9) False fruit is not formed from any flower part C. Fill in the blanks (2 points each) 1. Fungi break down the host nutrients using 2. Reduced sporophyte is the trait of which plant group D. Identify below figures and label the structures (2 points each) Fig 1 Fig 1 Fig 2 C E. Answer the following: (total 30 points) 1. Define arbuscular mycorrhizall and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Explain their ecological significance (5) 2. Draw and label a typical fruit. Include all structures within the fruit (5). 3. Draw the phylogeny classification chart of plant kingdom and discuss the evolutionary traits in each class. Give at least two significant traits for each class (20)

Answer 1

9.​​​​​Non- vascular plants are those which donot contain vascular tissue like xylum and phloem ,they generally reproduce by spores not seeds ,the dominant generation is the gametophyte (haploid),lignin is absent in there cells ( absent in bryophytes but can be seen in some algae and all vascular plants).

So,A,B,C,E are non- common for non- vaskular plants.

B.1)false ( it belongs to phylum Basidiomycota)

2)true

  3)False( Gemma cups for asexual reproduction)

  4)false( all seeded plants are heterosporus)

  5)false( vascular plants have sporophylls)

6)true

  6)false( heterospory - rule of seeded plants),( 6 is repeated see question)

  7)false( only by 2 integuments)

  8)true

  9)false( formed mostly from non ovary but even ovary is involved in fruit formation)